Intro

Question 1

What is a drug

Answer 1

any chemical that can affect living processes

Question 2

What are pharmocotherapeutics

Answer 2

the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease
the desired therapeutic effect of the drug

Question 3

Preclinical testing

Answer 3

only done in animals
focused on toxicity and pharmokinetics

Question 4

Phase1 testing

Answer 4

done on healthy volunteers
looking how drug is mestabolized and moves trhough the body

Question 5

phase 2 teasting

Answer 5

done on patients
focus is terapeutic utility and dose range

Question 6

phase 3 testing

Answer 6

done on patients, focus on safety and effectiveness

Question 7

phase 4 testing

Answer 7

postmoarketing surevillance, countinues public monitoring

Question 8

Why were women originallly banned from phase 1/2 until 1980

Answer 8

concerns about effecting fertility

Question 9

when are children included

Answer 9

only if they have disease

Question 10

Pure food and drug act

Answer 10

1906
first law to regulate drugs, quality, purity and strength

Question 11

shirley amendment

Answer 11

prohibited manufacturers from labeling medicine with false claims

Question 12

Druham-humphrey amendment

Answer 12

any drug that is habit forming had to be prescribed
controls what is a med that needs to be prescribes

Question 13

Kefauver-harris amendment

Answer 13

drugs need to be proven to be effective before they can be marketed

Question 14

Controlled substance act

Answer 14

set rules about distribution of drugs that can cause dependence, like narcotics
The schedule classifications

Question 15

Schedule 1

Answer 15

no recognized medical use, high abuse potential
Heroin, LSD, meth

Question 16

schedule 2

Answer 16

written prescriptions required, cannot be done over the phone
codeine, morphine, amphetemines

Question 17

schedule 3

Answer 17

prescriptions required ro be rewritten after 6 months or 5 refills
lower amounts of codeine, butabarbital

Question 18

schedule 4

Answer 18

prescriptions required to be rewritten after 6 months after 6 months or 5 refills
Pentaazocine

Question 19

Schedule V

Answer 19

dispensed as any nonnarcotic prescription

Question 20

Category A

Answer 20

no risk to fetus in first trimester of ppregnancy

Question 21

Category B

Answer 21

animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in women

Question 22

category C

Answer 22

animal reproducction studies have shown addverse effect in fetus and there are no studies in humans, BUt potential benefit may outweighg risks

Question 23

category D

Answer 23

there is positive edidence of human fetal risk based on human studies, but potential benefits may warrant use of drug in pregnant women

Question 24

category X

Answer 24

proven risk, benefits to no outweigh cost, would not give to pregnant women

Question 25

complementary and alternative medicine

Answer 25

treatment practices not widely accepted or practiced by mainstream clinicians like herbal supplements

Question 26

Dietary supplement health and education act of 1994

Answer 26

manufacturers do not need to give proof of safety/ effectiveness presumes safe until proven harmful

Question 27

orphan drugs

Answer 27

medications for rare medical conditions

Question 28

off label prescribing

Answer 28

meds being used fo rthings other than their specific purpose

Question 29

legend drugs

Answer 29

prescription drugs

Question 30

blackbox warning

Answer 30

highlights most serious warning about medications adverse reaction + who should not take the drug

Question 31

how are drugs classified

Answer 31

based on chemical composition physiological effect therapeutic use

Question 32

Generic name

Answer 32

small caps, non-proprietary ex. acetaminophen

Question 33

chemical name

Answer 33

chemical makeup of drug, most complicated

Question 34

trade name

Answer 34

brand name, proprietary ex. tylenol

Question 35

Differene in med based on brand

Answer 35

bioavailability might differ based on trade name

Question 36

prototype

Answer 36

representitive drug of each class, usually the first

Question 37

most common elderly drugs

Answer 37

statins, beta-blockers, insulin

Question 38

most common adult drugs

Answer 38

cholesterol, antideppressants, pain meds

Question 39

most common adolescnet drugs

Answer 39

oral contraceptives, stimulants, bronchodilators

Question 40

most common pediatrics

Answer 40

stimulants, bronchodilators, antibiotics

Question 41

7 +4 rights of drug administration

Answer 41

drug, patient, dose, route, time, documentation, implementation assessmnet, evaluation, of patient to refuse, of patient to education

Question 42

assessment in drug administration

Answer 42

identify drug is being used, identify pt risk factors like age baseline data: therapeutic/adverse effects, allergies patient knowledge and ability for selfcare Labs, vital signs, height/weight, specific body assessment

Question 43

NANDA label

Answer 43

providng a standard wording in identifying helath problems

Question 44

planning in drug administration

Answer 44

Identify desired goals/outcomes, specific interventions, evaluation criteria to be met

Question 45

Implementation in drug administration

Answer 45

pt teaching, drug administration based on past intervention

Question 46

evaluation in drug administration

Answer 46

health status pre/post med administration

Question 47

PRN decisions

Answer 47

up to RNs discretion

Question 48

polypharmacy

Answer 48

people who take lots of meds, some of which treat side effects of other meds

Question 49

ways to manage toxicity

Answer 49

know early signs + management procedures

Question 50

AGS beers criteria

Answer 50

Meds not safest for older adults 1. avoided by most older people unless paliative/hospice 2. avoided by older people with specific health conditions 3. possibility of negative drug-drug interaction 4. used with caution do to negative side effects 5. dosed differently or avoided with renal pts