Intro

Question 1

What are the reactant of photosynthesis

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide and Water
6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 2

What is need to energize the photosynthesis process?

Answer 2

Solar energy (sunlight) from the sun

Question 3

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Glucose and oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 4

What are light reactions?

Answer 4

• First step in photosynthesis
• occurs in the thylakoid membrane
• light is converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)

Question 5

Where does light reactions occur

Answer 5

In the thylakoid membrane (inside of chloroplast)

Question 6

What are the reactant of light reactions

Answer 6

Reactants: NADP+, ADP and Water

Question 7

What are the products of light reactions

Answer 7

Products: ATP, NADPH and Oxygen

Question 8

What happens in light reactions, what’s it’s main purpose?

Answer 8

Basically photons (sunlight), excites electrons in the chlorophyll, which then energizes chemiosomtic ATP synthesis and the formation of NADPH, used for Celvin cycle

Question 9

What is the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 9

• Second stage of photosynthesis
• occurs in the stroma
• CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds (glucose)

Question 10

Reactants of Calvin cycle

Answer 10

CO2, ATP and NADPH

Question 11

Products of Calvin’s cycle

Answer 11

Sugar, ADP and NADP+

Question 12

What happens in the Calvin cycle, what’s its main purpose?

Answer 12

An inorganic CO2 from the atmosphere is incorporated into organic molecules. The ATP and NADPH from light reactions, provide energy and electrons to build sugar molecules (ex glucose). Plants use the sugar molecules as energy and for growth and development

Question 13

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 13

• the photosynthesis factory within a plant cell
• surrounded by a double membrane
• contain chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that captures light

Question 14

What are chlorophyll?

Answer 14

• Green pigment found in chloroplast
• Pigment, absorbs light energy to begin photosynthesis

Question 15

What is the structure of chlorophyll

Answer 15

• Porphyrin ring
- core structure for chlorophyll, as it absorbs light.
- Mg is in the middle of the porphyrin ring, which is important for absorption

• Hydrocarbon rings
- Surround the porphyrin, and help anchor the chlorophyll to the thylakoid membrane

• Phytol tail
- a chain of hydrocarbon rings, that help with anchoring the chlorophyll to the thylakoid membrane

Question 16

Why are plants green

Answer 16

Chlorophyll a and b, absorb energy for blue violet and red regions on the light spectrum and reflects green light

Question 17

Chlorophyll a

Answer 17

• blue-green pigment
• has an methyl group (CH3)
• transfers light to the carbon fixing reaction of photosynthesis

Question 18

Chlorophyll b

Answer 18

• Yellow-green pigment
• has a Aldehyde group (CHO$
• Acts as an accessory pigment, meaning it absorbs photons that chlorophyll a absorbed poorly

Question 19

Carotenoids

Answer 19

• produces yellow-orange colors
• accessory pigment
• precursor of vitamin A (for for low light vision)

Question 20

Xanthophylls

Answer 20

• accessory pigment
• produces yellow colours

Question 21

Anthocyanins

Answer 21

• accessory pigment
• produces red colour
• mainly found in vacuoles not chloroplasts

Question 22

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)

Answer 22

• Wavelengths of light between 400-700 nm that are used by plants for photosynthesis.
• Light is absorbed from the entire spectrum when all pigments are combined

Question 23

What are leaves

Answer 23

Surface area specifically to maximize exposure to sunlight

Question 24

Stomata

Answer 24

• small pores on leaves
• Aids photosynthesis by regulating the exchange of gases (CO₂ in, O₂ out) and water vapor.
• by Transpiration Pull and Evaporative Cooling Effect