Intro

Question 1

What are the two types of immunity?

Answer 1

Innate and Adaptive

Question 2

What makes up primary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 2

Bone marrow and thymus

Question 3

What makes up secondary lymphoid tissue where response takes place?

Answer 3

Lymph nodes, spleen, diffuse lymphoid tissues (tonsils)

Question 4

What does humoral immunity consist of?

Answer 4

Circulating Abs from programmed cells that will label and/or kill abnormal invaders

Question 5

What does cellular immunity consist of?

Answer 5

Programmed cells directly killing abnormal cells, or producing growth factors (cytokines) to stimulate other cells

Question 6

What do B lymphocytes do and what percentage of blood lymphocytes do they make up?

Answer 6

1) Mediate the humoral response by making antibodies
2) Clonal expansion if stimulated by interleukins from helper T cells
3) differentiate into plasma cells that secrete Abs

10-20%

Question 7

What two Abs act as receptors on B cells and activate them?

Answer 7

IgM and IgD

Question 8

What are antibodies?

Answer 8

Glycoproteins that interact with epitope of an antigen

Question 9

What is the general structure of an antibody? Be able to draw it (see notes).

Answer 9

Y-shaped with heavy and light chains that are connected with disulfide bonds and non-covalent forces

Question 10

What region of the antibody has the Ag binding site? How many of these sites are there per Ab?

Answer 10

Fab region - 2

Question 11

What region of Ab is constant and determines the Ab class?

Answer 11

Fc region

Question 12

Which Ab is a pentamer that activates complement?

Answer 12

IgM

Question 13

Which Ab activates B cells?

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

Which Ab is the initial Ab that is expressed during a response?

Answer 14

IgM

Question 15

Which Ab is most common in blood and is a monomer?

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

Which Ab activates macrophages and neutrophils as well as complement cascades?

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

What is complement?

Answer 17

Plasma proteins, proenzymes, create protease cascade- when activated, opsonize pathogens and make the pathogen able to be recognized by phagocytes or for direct lysis

Question 18

What Ab passes from mother to fetus through placenta or breast milk?

Answer 18

IgG

Question 19

Which Ab is a dimer or trimer that is secreted in fluids and transported across epithelial layers?

Answer 19

IgA

Question 20

Which Ab agglutinates antigen and activates effector cells?

Answer 20

IgA

Question 21

Which Ab is bound to protein J?

Answer 21

IgA

Question 22

Which monomer Ab binds to mast cells and basophils at its Fc region?

Answer 22

IgE

Question 23

Which Ab stimulates release of histamine, heparin, and cytokines to increase vessel permeability so more cells can get to site faster?

Answer 23

IgE

Question 24

Which Ab is active in allergies and destruction of parasitic worms?

Answer 24

IgE

Question 25

Which Ab is present in extremely small quantities and is not very well understood?

Answer 25

IgD

Question 26

What do T lymphocytes do and what % of blood cells are they?

Answer 26

Mediate cellular immunity through their T cell receptors when they are stimulated by MHC complex antigens.

Question 27

What do cytotoxic T lymphocytes do? What molecular marker do they have? What MHC complex do they recognize?

Answer 27

Induce programmed cell death or lysis and undergo clonal expansion They are CD8+ and recognize MHC-I Ag presenters

Question 28

What do helper T lymphocytes do? What molecular marker do they have and what MHC complex do they recognize?

Answer 28

Secrete cytokines to stimulate other immune cells and undergo clonal expansion. They are CD4+ and recognize MHC-II Ag presenters

Question 29

What do regulatory T cells do? What molecular markers do they have?

Answer 29

Permit tolerance to self-antigens and are capable of suppressing the immune response They are CD4+ and CD25+

Question 30

What do Natural Killer cells do? What percentage of lymphocytes in blood do they make up?

Answer 30

Kill viral infected cells and tumor cells in a nonspecific/innate manner (no MHC class presentation) - release perforins to lyse cells or induce apoptosis 10-15%

Question 31

What do macrophages do?

Answer 31

Phagocytose material coated with IgG, IgM, and complement

Question 32

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 32

Phagocytose bacteria coated with IgG and IgM

Question 33

What do mast cells and basophils do?

Answer 33

Release histamine, heparin, and chemotactic agents when activated with specific Ag

Question 34

What do all nucleated cells present peptides with that allows them to be sampled by cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 34

MHC I

Question 35

How do macrophages and B lymphocytes present antigens?

Answer 35

Present to helper T cells via MHC-II Dendritic cells/Langerhans cells - in skin - can stimulate naive T cells Follicular dendritic cells - in lymph nodes

Question 36

What are Langerhans cells? Where do they present Ag?

Answer 36

APCs/dendritic cells in skin that can stimulate naive T cells. Present in lymph nodes.

Question 37

What are follicular dendritic cells? Where do they exist?

Answer 37

Different class that does not process Ag - only binds Present in lymph nodes