Intro Flashcards by Lewis Davis

Peer to peer network characteristics

Lacks centralised administration
Easy to create
Less cost to implement

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Intermediary devices

Connect individual hosts to the network

Direct the path of data

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Connection options that provide always-on, high-bandwidth internet connection to computers in a home office

Cable

DSL

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Functions provided to users by context-sensitive help feature of Cisco, IOS CLI

Displaying a list of all available commands in current mode.

Determining which option, keyword, or argument is available for the entered command.

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Which two host names follow the guidelines for naming conventions on Cisco IOS devices

SW Branch 799

RM-3 Switch-2A4

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How dose the (service password-encryption) enhance password security on Cisco routers and switches

Ot encryptions the passwords that are stored in router or switch configuration files

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What’s are the 2 characteristics of RAM on a Cisco device

The contents of the RAM are lost during a power cycle.

The configuration that is actively running on the device is stored in the RAM

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IOS modes

Int config mode
Priv exe mode 
Line config mode
Global config mode
User exe mode

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Client to webserver

Order of the protocol stack

HTTP
TCP
IP
Ethernet

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3 application layer protocols are park of the TCP/IP protocol suite

DHCP
DNS
FTP

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What are the proprietary protocols

Protocols developed by organisations who have control over there definition and operation

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Which 3 layers of the OSI model are comparable in function to the application layer of the TCP/IP model

Application
Presentation
Session

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At which layer of the OSI model would a logical address be encapsulated

Network layer

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Which PDU (Protocol Data And Unit) format is used when bits are revived from network medium by the NIC of a host

Frame

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Which characteristics describes the default gateway of a host computer

The logical address of the router interface on the same network as the host computer

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ISOC

Promotes the open development evolution and use of the internet throughout the world

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ISO

Largest developer of international standards in the world for a wide variety of products and services, known for OSI model

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IANA

Responsible for the overseeing and managing of IP addresses, domain name management and protocol identifiers

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Throughput

Measure of bits transferred across the media over a given period of time

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What interference would electrical cables and fluorescent lights have on CAT cabling

EMI

RFI

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Data link layer provides

Accepts layer 3 packets and encapsulates them into frames.

Provides media access control and provides error detection:

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What is true concerning physical and logical topologies

Logical topologies refer to how a network transfers data between devices

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Star topology

End devices connect to a central intermediate device, which in turn connects to other central intermediate devices

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What is contained in the trailer of a data link frame

Error detection

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What is the function of the CRC value that is found in the FCS field of a frame

To verify the integrity of the revived frame

Data link sub layer that identifies the network layer protocol encapsulated in the frame

LCC logical link control

Combination of point to point, HUB, spoke and mesh topology

Hybrid

Ethernet frame sizes MAX MIN

1518 | 64

Ethernet

Defines the most common type of LAN in the world.

Function and features of logical link control sub layer in Ethernet standards

LLC is implemented in the software. | The data link layer uses LLC to communicate with the upper layers of the protocol suite.

MAC addresses

Must be globally unique

Destination addresses used in ARP request frame

FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

When a device is sending data to another device on a remote network, the Ethernet frame is sent to the MAC address of the default gateway

True

The potential network problems that can result from ARP operation

Network attackers could manipulate MAC addresses and IP addresses mappings in ARP messages with the intent of intercepting network traffic. On large networks with a low bandwidth, multiple ARP broadcasts could cause data communication delays.

Collision fragment

Runt frame

On a Cisco switch, WHAT? memory buffering is used to buffer frames in queues linked to specific incoming and outgoing ports

Port-based

ARP WHAT? is a technique that is used to send fake ARP messages to the other hosts in the LAN. The aim is to associate IP addresses to the wrong MAC addresses

Spoofing | ARP poisoning

Which statement is true about MAC addresses

The first three bytes are used by the vendor assigned OUI (Organisationally Unique Identifier)

2 characteristics of IP

Operates independently of the network media. | Dose not require a dedicated end to end connection.

When a connectionless protocol is in use of l lower layer of the OSI model, how is missing data detected and retransmitted

Upper layer connection-oriented protocols keep track of the data received and can request retransmission from the upper-level protocols on the sending host.

Whatcha field in the IPv4 header is used to prevent a packet from transversing a network endlessly

Time-To-Live

What IPv4 header field identifies the upper layer protocol carried in the packet

Protocol

What is one advantage that the IPv6 simplified header offers over IPv4

Efficient packet handling

What type of route is indicated by the code C in an IPv4 routing table on a Cisco router

Directly connected route

What routing table entry has a next hop address associated with a destination network

Remote routes

Following default settings what is the next step in the router boot sequence after the los IOS loads from

Locate and load the startup config file from NVRAM

2 types of router interfaces

WAN | LAN

Which 2 pieces of information are in RAM of a Cisco router during normal operation

Cisco IOS. | IP Routing Table.

What is the purpose of the startup configuration file on a Cisco router

To contain the commands that are used to initially configure a router on startup.

Which 3 commands are used to set up secure access to a router through a connection to the console interface

Which characteristics describes an IPv6 enhancement over IPv4

The IPv6 header is simpler than the IPv4 header is, which improves packet handling

How many bits in IPv4 address

Which 2 parts are components of an IPv4 address

Network portion | Host portion

What is the purpose of a subnet mask

To determine the subnet to which the host belongs

A message sent to all hosts on a remote network

Directed broadcast

What are the 3 characteristics of a multicast transmission

A single packet can be traced to a group of hosts. Multicast transmissions can be used by routers to exchange routing information. The range 244.0.0.0 to 244.0.0.255 is reserved to reach multicast groups on a local network.

Which 2 IPv4 to IPv6 transition techniques manage the interconnection of IPv6 domains

Dual stack | Tunnelling

Abbreviate 3FFE:1044:0000:00ab:0000:0000:0057

3FFE:1044:0:0:AB::57

2 types of IPv6 unicast addresses

Loop back | Link local

What are the 3 parts of an IPv6 global unicast address

A global routing prefix that is used to identify the network portion of the address provided by a ISP. An interface ID that is used to identify networks inside of the local enterprise site. A subnet ID that is used to identify networks inside of the local enterprise site.

Which protocol supports stateless address auto configuration (SLAAC) for the dynamic assignment of IPv6 addresses to a host

ICMPv6

What is the purpose of ICMP messages

To provide feedback of IP packet transmissions

What is indicated by a successful ping to the ::1 IPv6 address

Up is properly installed on the host

What field context is used by the ICMPv6 to determine that a packet has expired

Hop limit field

169. 254.1.5 192. 0.2.123 240. 2.6.255 172. 19.20.5 127. 0.0.1

``` Link local Test net Experimental Private Loopback ```

A user is using traceroot, at which point would a router stop forwarding the packet

When the value in the TTL field reaches Zero

What is the result of connecting 2 or more switches together

The size of the broadcast domain is increased

What are the 2 reasons network administrators nights want to create subnets

Imported network performance. | Easier to implement security policies.

If a network device has a mask of | /28, how many IP addresses are available for hosts on the network

How many bits must be borrowed from the host portion of an address to accommodate a router with 5 connected networks

Last address (Broadcast)

(Net + Inc) -2

Increment

256-Mask

Host range

2 power of bits /29 .248 11111000 E.g. 5 SN = 2 to the 5 = 32 3 host bits = 2 to the 3 = 8 -2(BC&NetID) =6

IPv6 Global Unicast Multicast Link Local Loopback Address

2&3001 FF FE80 ::1

Router boot up

POST Bootstrap loader Load IOS Config

Port requested from IANA in order to be used with a specific application.

Registered

Well known ports

0-1023

Which factor determines TCP window size

Amount of data the destination can process at one time

TCP session acknowledgement number represents

The next byte the destination expects to receive

What information is used by TCP to reassemble and reorder received segments

Sequence numbers

What dose TCP do if the sending source detects network congestion on the path to the destination

The source will decrease the amount of data it sends before it must receive acknowledgements from the destination

3 application layers using TCP

SMTP FTP HTTP

Well known port numbers registered Port numbers | HTTP Protocol standard

0-1023 1024-49151 80

Associated application layer protocol

Telnet | DNS

TCP/IP model layer used for formatting, compression and encryption

Application

Characteristics of the application layer of the TCP/IP model

Closest to end user | The creation and maintenance of dialogue between source and destination applications

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

Peer to peer

Data exchange between 2 devices without a server

What do client/server and peer to peer network models have in common

Both models support devices in server and client roles

IMAP

Messages are kept in servers until detected from client machine

GET, PUT, POST

HTTP

DHCP discover message

The message comes from a client seeking a IP address. | All hosts receive the message, but only a DHCP server replys

Top level DNS domain

.com

SMBP Simple Message Block Protocol

Clients establish a long term connection to servers

Application layer protocol used to provide file share and print services to Microsoft applications

SMB

GET message

HTTP request from client to server

Firewall feature used to insure legitimate packets

State full packet inspection

Pre SSH steps

Give router host and domain name. | Generate set of secret keys for encryption.

CDP on Cisco device

CDP can be displayed globally or on a specific interface

Arp-d command

ARP cache is cleared

-6

Forces trace root to use IPv6

Display log messages on remotely connected sessions using telnet or SSH

Terminal Monitor

4 types of Network Attack

Reconnaissance Access DoS Malicious Coda

Access attacks

``` Password Trust exploration Port exploration Port redirection Man in the middle ```

Mitigating Network Attacks

Device hardening-Remove software not in use. Antivirus Personal firewalls Operating system patches

Private Addresses

10. 0.0.0/8 172. 16-31.0.0/16 192. 168.0-255

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

SVI

Switched Virtual Interface - Virtual LAN

Secure access to 3rd party's

Extranet

Service password-encryption

Prevents a look over the shoulder on running config

PDU

Protocol Data Unit | Packet

Wireless

Radio Wave

CSMA/CD

Carrier-Sense Multiple Access | Collision Detection

ROM

Bootstrap. Basic Diagnostic Software. Limited IOS (Internetwork Operating System)

RAM - Volatile

Running config. IP routing table. MAC mappings in ARP cache.

NVRAM

Start up config

Transport Layer | 3services

Flow control. Connection Establishment. Error Recovery.

DHCP

Default gateway address. | Subnet mask.

Shell

Closet to the user | Between user and Kernel

Kernel

Part of the OS.

TCP

Transport Control Protocol