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Nervous System #1 - Intro > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory input, Integration of information, Motor Output

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

What are the two main parts of the central nervous system?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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4
Q

What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Components that are outside the CNS

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5
Q

What is the primary functions of the CNS?

A

Receives, stores, and transfers information

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6
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory, Motor

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7
Q

What does the sensory PNS carry?

A

Information to the brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

What does the motor PNS carry?

A

Information from the CNS

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9
Q

What are the two divisions of the motor division of the PNS?

A

Somatic, Autonomic

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10
Q

What does the somatic control?

A

skeletal muscle

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11
Q

What does the autonomic control?

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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12
Q

Which part of the motor division of the PNS is voluntary?

A

Somatic

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13
Q

Which part of the motor division of the PNS is involuntary?

A

Automatic

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14
Q

The autonomic division of the motor of the PNS can be further broke down into what?

A

Sympathetic or parasympathetic

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15
Q

What kind of condition are you in when it is sympathetic?

A

A fight or flight condition

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16
Q

What kind of condition are you in when it is a parasympathetic?

A

Relaxed condition or peaceful

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17
Q

What is the function of the neuron cells of the nervous system?

A

To communicate through electrical impulses

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18
Q

What are characteristics of the neuron cells of the nervous system?

A

They are amototic, they have extreme longevity they have a high metabolism rate and need gluclose and oxygen

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19
Q

What does amototic neurons not do?

A

Do not undergo mitosis and the majority don’t regenerate

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20
Q

There are a few exceptions of neurons that do regenerate such as?

A

The nose and hipocampus

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21
Q

What are the parts of the neuron?

A

The cell body the dendrites and the axon

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22
Q

What is another name for the cell body?

A

Soma

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23
Q

How many dendrites are associated with one neuron?

A

Many could be 100s

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24
Q

Which direction does dendrites carry information?

A

Towards the neuron

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25
How many axons are in one neuron?
Only has one
26
Which direction does axons carry information?
Away from the neuron
27
What is the correlation between the diameter of an axon and the speed of carries information
The fatter the diameter the faster the information
28
What are the branches of the main axon called?
Axon collaterals
29
What are the ends of an axon collateral called?
Synaptic Boutins/terminals/knobs or terminal buttons
30
Why are the cell bodies of most neurons located within the CNS?
They are well protected in the CNS
31
What are the characteristics of a neuron?
They have a prominent nucleus and nucleolus, nissl bodies or rough ER, extensive golgi, Lipofuscin, lysosomal activity
32
What does the rough ER produce
Proteins
33
What does the golgi do?
Package things produced by the Nissl bodies
34
What is lipofuscin?
It's a golden brown pigment that is used as an age indicator
35
What does the lysosomal activity act as?
A garbage disposal to haul off trash
36
Neurons are typically classified by what?
Function and structure
37
What are the three types of functions of neurons?
Sensory, motor, and interneurons or multi neurons
38
What are the three types of structures of a neuron?
Unipolar, bipolar, or multi polar
39
Unipolar structure is what kind of function?
Sensory
40
Multi polar structure neurons is what type of function?
Motor
41
What must a neuron have to be considered multipolar?
3 or more processes
42
What's the most common type of neuron?
Multipolar (99% of neurons)
43
What does a bipolar neuron look like?
branches going out the opposite ends of a cell body
44
Other characteristics of a bipolar neuron?
Specialized neurons, slow moving since information comes in thru one branch and must go thru the cell body and out the other branch
45
Some examples of bipolar neurons?
Retina, nose
46
Characteristics of a unipolar neron?
single short process that comes from the soma; then divides like a T into proximal and distal branches (one branch acts like the axon and one acts like dendrites), fast acting since it doesn't have to go thru the cell body
47
What is the distal branch of a unipolar neuron?
responsible for the peripheral process
48
What is the distal branch of a unipolar neuron?
responsible for the process that enters CNS
49
What does the proximal process do?
Acts as an axon because it carries impluses away from the soma, gernerates and conducts impulses, large axons are myelinated
50
What else are unipolar sometimes called and why?
pseudounipolar because they originate as a bipolar neuron
51
Where is the soma located in a unipolar neuron?
in the dorsal root ganglion
52
What function is a unipolar neuron?
Sensory
53
What is an extremely rare neuron?
anaxonic neuron
54
Where is anaxonic neurons found?
in the brain or retina (contrast perception - why you see something because the contrast is different?)
55
Characteristics of anaxonic neurons
no axons - only dendrites, don't generate action potential
56
Definition of a nuclei?
cluster of cell bodies in the CNS
57
Definition of a ganglia?
Cluster of cell bodies in the PNS
58
Definition of a tract?
Bundle of processes in the CNS
59
Definition of a nerve?
Bundle of processes in the PNS
60
What is another cell in the nervous system?
Neuroglial
61
Characteristics of neuroglial cells
Provide physical support & protection to neurons, maintain healthy concentration of important chemicals in the fluid surrounding them, do not generate impluses, undergo mitoses, 10-50X more numerous, can regenerate, does what the neuron tells them to do
62
What types of neuroglia are in the CNS?
Astocytes, microglia, oligodendricytes, ependymal cells
63
What types of neuroglia are in the PNS?
Satellite cells, schwann cells
64
What do astrocytes do?
They reach out and grab capillaries with their feet (perivascular feet), form connection to give blood to the neuron, mop up excess neurotranmittal after an action potential, feet form the blood/brain barrier
65
What do microglia do?
also called nurse cells, monitor neuron health and can go to a neuron if it is sick, can eat infections
66
What do oligdendricytes do?
they milante axons in the CNS, wrapping cytoplasm around the axons, can coil around as many as 60 axons at one time
67
What do ependymal cells do?
they circulate cerebral spinal fluid
68
What do satellite cells do?
combo astrocytes & microglia so basically support system in the PNS
69
What do Schwann cells do?
milante axons in the PNS, 1 to 1 axon, act as phagocytes, nerve generation
70
Are dendrites myelinated?
Never
71
The process of myelination?
The process wraps around the axon in a jelly roll like form, when the wrapping is complete the cytoplasm is squeezed back towards the cell body, leaving only the terminal portion of the process with cytoplasm
72
Step 1 of Regeneration of nerve fibers after axon has been cut?
Ends will seal themselves off - the end not attached to the cell body goes away (Wallerian degeneration)
73
Step 2 of Regeneration of nerve fibers after axon has been cut?
Phagocytes come in
74
Step 3 of Regeneration of nerve fibers after axon has been cut?
Schwann cells come in - set up regeneration tube
75
What is a regeneration tube?
pathway so the neuron can make the right connection
76
Step 4 of Regeneration of nerve fibers after axon has been cut?
Growth factors - cellular adhesion molecules produced by the body encourages the growth, regrowth normally doesn't match up exactly
77
What is the speed of axon growth
very slow like 1.4 mm a month
78
Step 5 of Regeneration of nerve fibers after axon has been cut?
Schwann cells myelinate new axon

Nervous System #1 - Intro (1 decks)

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