INTRO Flashcards
What are the top 5 causes of death?
- dementia and Alzheimer’s
- ischaemic heart disease
- cerebrovascular diseases
- chronic lower respiratory diseases
- lung cancer
= account for 41% of all deaths registered in E&W in 2015
Main cause of death?
Dementia and Alzheimer’s
Replaced ischaemic heart disease
What are the leading causes of death by gender?
Ischaemic heart disease: 13.7% of all male deaths
Dementia and Alzheimer’s: 15.6% of all female deaths
What are the socioeconomic impacts of morbidity and mortality?
- CVD costs UK £19 billion pa
- resp disease costs UK £11 billion pa
- NHS costs, days off work, etc
What are some types of CVD and their causes?
- coronary HD and heart failure
- hypertension, vascular disease and atherosclerosis
- thrombosis
CAUSES
- genetics
- age
- lifestyle: diet, obesity, smoking
What are some times of respiratory disease and their causes?
- lung cancer
- asthma
- COPD & interstitial lung disease (scarring (fibrosis) by asbestos)
- infections (pneumonia, TB, etc)
Causes:
- genetics
- age
- allergy (predisposed to asthma)
- infection
- smoking (modifiable)
What is coronary HD (ischaemic HD) caused by?
- lack of supply of o2 to myocardial tissue
- smoking
- inactivity
- obesity
What increases with affluence?
The probability of suffering from CVD, as a country’s average life expectancy also increases
What are the stats on obesity in Europe?
1/4 adults
1/5 children aged 10 to 11
What does obesity increase?
Increases mortality and death due to IHD, stroke, cancer & respiratory diseases
What amount of deaths are estimated to be attributable to smoking?
36% of deaths for respiratory diseases att to smoking
54% of death for cancer att to smoking
Describe a pharmacological treatment for smoking
CHAMPIX -
Blocks nicotine receptors in the brain and reduces cravings for smoking
= effective
What is flow?
Change in pressure /resistance
What is airway resistance? RAW
Alveolar pressure - mouth pressure / airflow at mouth
