Intro Flashcards
PLATELETS
What are platelets important for?
Do platelets have a nucleus?
Are they smaller than RBC?
where are they removed?
clotting
No
Yes
liver
Leucocytes form granulocytes and agranulocytes - examples of each?
Granulocytes - eosinophil, basinophil etc
Agranulocytes - monocytes, lymphocytes
Monocytes increase in response to?
Inflammation (form macrophages)
What is pre-cursor to B + T cells?
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils increase in response to?
Allergic reaction
EPO (growth factor) made from?
What does it stimulate production of?
In response to?
Kidney
RBC
Anaemia/hypoxia
TPO (growth factor) made from?
What does it stimulate production of?
In response to?
Liver
Platelets
Thrombocytopenia
G-CSF (growth factor) made from?
What does it stimulate production of?
In response to?
Endothelium
Granulocytes
Neutropenia
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
What is it?
How is it treated?
Immune system destroys platelets - bleeding problems
Tx - TPO mimetics
Name for - Volume % of RBC in blood?
Haemotocrit
Cause of Hct low?
Cause of Hct high?
Low - anaemia
High - polycythaemia
If dehydrated: low or high Hct and why?
High - as low plasma volume so ratio of Hct:plasma is high.
What are young RBC called?
Reticulocyte
If anaemia + low reticulocyte production - where is the source of the problem?
Bone marrow - anaemia is caused by reduced ability to produce RBC.
Name of cancer of plasma cells?
Myeloma
Pneumonic for myeloma effects?
C R A B I
CRABI Hypercalcaemia Renal dysfunction Anaemia Bone problems Infections
Myelomas produce clonal or polyclonal immunoglobins? How does this affect your immunity?
CLonal
Immunity decreases - having loads of one Ig suppresses the rest - ^^infections.
How do you detect if someone has clonal or polyclonal Ig’s?
Serum protein electrophoresis
Allows you to se if there is an abnormal thick band of one of the Ig’s.
Are clonal production of blood cells neoplastic?
always
How does cytosis differ from clonal?
Cytosis - ^^production of group of blood cells instead of one subtype
Name for increase in RBC?
Effect on Hb and Hct?
polycythaemia
both incresae
How does relative differ from absolute polycythaemia?
what can relative polycythaemia be due to?
Relative - low plasma volume so ^Hct without a change in RBC -
dehydration and diuretics
Primary or secondary absolute polycythaemia more common?
Examples of primary and secondary polycythaemia?
secondary
Primary - Cancer
Secondary - Smoking, altitude, COPD, hypoxia
Is JAK2 mutated in primary and secondary polycythaemia?
Effect of EPO in both primary and secondary polycythaemia?
JAK 2 mutated in primary only.
EPO low in primary and high in secondary.
