Intro

Question 1

gram staining is based on…

Answer 1

how well bacteria retain crystal violet dye

Question 2

iodine added in gram staining does what?

Answer 2

reacts with peptidoglycan layer to make it hold onto the crystal violet

Question 3

which type of bacteria: peptidoglycan layer retains purple crystal violet stain + appears dark purple under microscope

Answer 3

gram positive

Question 4

name 3 gram positive bacteria

Answer 4

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Streptococcus pyogens
• Staphylococcus aureus

Question 5

thin peptidoglycan layer that it does not retain the dye, instead the dye leaks out + stained a second time to appear pink/red

Answer 5

gram negative bacteria

Question 6

4 gram negative bacteria

Answer 6

• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• E.coli
• Bacteroides fragilis
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 7

staining method for Mycobacterioum tuberculosis + mycobacterium leprae

Answer 7

Ziehl-neelson staining

Question 8

PCR used to look for evidence of which 2 infections

Answer 8

Chlamydia

Mycoplasma

Question 9

describe appearance of cocci + rod bacteria

Answer 9

cocci = round, appear in chains, pairs or clusters

rods = appear elongated

Question 10

gram negative bacilli (3)

Answer 10

e coli
klebsiella penumoniae
proteus mirabilis

Question 11

mechanism of beta lactam antibiotic penicillin?

Answer 11

inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls

Question 12

gram negative rod, that normally lives in bowel

Answer 12

Klebsiella bacterium

Question 13

3 tropical infections that present with fevers

Answer 13

• ebola
• dengue fever
• malaria

Question 14

3 causes of immunosuppression

Answer 14

• HIV
• chemotherapy
• burns trauma

Question 15

4 parasitic diseases in humans

Answer 15

• giardia lamblia
• leishmania donovani
• plasmodium vivax
• toxoplasma gondii

Question 16

infectious diseases causing rashes

Answer 16

• lyme disease
• meningococcal disease
• primary CMV infection

Question 17

drugs acquired by injecting illegal drugs

Answer 17

• hepatitis c
• infective endocarditis
• candida endopthalmitis

Question 18

3 fungal diseases

Answer 18

• aspergillosis
• candidaemia
• Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 19

antiviral drug against Herpes simplex

Answer 19

• aciclovir

Question 20

infections that cause splenomegaly

Answer 20

• hepatitis c
• EBV
• Plasmodium falciparum

Question 21

how long does the travellers diarrhoea shigella spp. last
+
what is a complication

Answer 21

5-7 days

post infectious arthritis 1-4 weeks post infection

Question 22

4 investigations for travel related diarrhoea

Answer 22

• stool
• blood cultures
• routine blood tests
• HIV testing