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Kin 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

plane that divides left and right

A

sagittal/medial plane

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2
Q

front of body

A

anterior (ventral)

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3
Q

back of body

A

posterior (dorsal)

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4
Q

towards the head

A

superior (cranial)

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5
Q

towards the feet

A

inferior (caudal)

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6
Q

towards midline

A

medial

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7
Q

away from midline

A

lateral

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8
Q

closer to a reference

A

proximal

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9
Q

further from reference

A

distal

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10
Q

close to surface

A

superficial (external)

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11
Q

further from surface

A

deep (internal)

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12
Q

bending of a joint

A

flexion

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13
Q

opposite of flexion

A

extension

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14
Q

movement away from midline

A

abduction

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15
Q

movement towards midline

A

adduction

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16
Q

shoulder joint rotates 360°

A

circumduction

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17
Q

movement of forearm that pivots hand to downward position

A

pronation

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18
Q

movement of forearm that pivots hand into upward position

A

supination

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19
Q

wrist abduction with respect to middle finger

A

radial deviation

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20
Q

wrist adduction with respect to middle finger

A

ulnar deviation

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21
Q

turn sole of foot inwards

A

inversion

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22
Q

turn sole of foot outwards

A

eversion

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23
Q

movement of ankle that brings foot into upward position (heel on floor)

A

dorsiflexion

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24
Q

movement of ankle that brings foot into downward position (toes on floor)

A

plantarflexion

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25
Q

movement of scapula inwards along rib cage

A

retraction

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26
Q

movement of scapula away from vertebra along ribcage

A

protraction

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27
Q

pivoting of a body part

A

rotation

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28
Q

muscle in walls of hollow organs, vessels and respiratory pathways (functions in digestion, reproduction, circulation, and breathing)

A

smooth muscle (involuntary)

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29
Q

muscle that makes up the walls of the heart; creates pulsing action to circulate blood

A

cardiac muscle (involuntary)

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30
Q

muscle connected to bones; produces movement at joints

A

skeletal muscle

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31
Q

how many muscles are there

A

nearly 700

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32
Q

purposes of muscle

A
  • motion
  • posture
  • protection
  • thermogenesis
  • vascular pump
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33
Q

purpose of parallel fibre direction

A

enables muscle to shorten equally and in same direction; maximizes ROM

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34
Q

plane that divides anterior and posterior sides

A

frontal plane

35
Q

plane that divides superior and inferior sides

A

horizontal/transverse plane

36
Q

parallel muscle shape with thick central belly and tapered ends

A

fusiform muscle shape

37
Q

parallel muscle shape with fibre arrangements that surround an opening to form a sphincter (designed to contract/close passages or relax/open them)

A

circular muscle shape

38
Q

parallel muscle shape that is broad at base, converging to a single point; fan shaped arrangements allow for diverse actions

A

triangular muscle shape

39
Q

pennate muscle shape where fibres run obliquely from one side of central tendon; look like half of a feather

A

unipennate muscle shape

40
Q

pennate muscle shape where fibres run obliquely along both sides of central tendon; look like full feather

A

bipennate

41
Q

pennate muscle shape where muscle tendons with oblique muscle fibres are on both sides; produce the least amount of force

A

multipennate muscle shape

42
Q

slanting fibre direction

A

oblique

43
Q

straight fibre direction

A

rectus

44
Q

properties that are used to name muscles

A 
location
size 
origin
fibre direction
insertion
shape
action
number of heads
45
Q

the more proximal or less movable attachment

A

origin

46
Q

the more distal or moveable attachment

A

insertion

47
Q

the prime mover of a joint

A

agonist

48
Q

opposes the agonist, relaxes to allow movement

A

antagonist

49
Q

steadies the bones, fixes origin

A

fixator

50
Q

assists in movement (initiated movement)

A

synergist

51
Q

rigid system that moves on a fulcrum

A

lever

52
Q

applied force and resistance on opposite sides of fulcrum; changes force transmission, speed and direction

A

first class lever

53
Q

resistance between applied force and fulcrum; magnifies force at the cost of speed and distance

A

second class lever

54
Q

applied force between fulcrum and resistance; increases speed and distance, but requires greater force

A

third class lever

55
Q

how many bones in the body

A

206

56
Q

bones shape that is longer than it is wide

A

long bones

57
Q

compact bone with yellow marrow in centre that stores fat

A

diaphysis (shaft)

58
Q

spongy bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone

A

epiphysis (bumpy ends)

59
Q

cube shaped, mainly spongy bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone

A

short bones

60
Q

specialized short bone formed within tendons

A

sesamoid bone (patella)

61
Q

thin, flattened, curved bones developed by ossification of a fibrous network. thin layer of spongy bone (site of hematopoiesis) surrounded by compact bone

A

flat bone

62
Q

unique shaped bones

A

irregular bones

63
Q

small irregular bone found along sutures of cranium that tend to be symmetrical on both sides of skull and vary in size

A

wormian bones

64
Q

any projection or bump

A

process

65
Q

an extension of bone

A

ramus

66
Q

shallow depression

A

fossa

67
Q

narrow groove or depression

A

sulcus

68
Q

rounded passageway for blood vessels and nerves

A

foramen

69
Q

elongated cleft

A

fissure

70
Q

passageway through a bone

A

canal

71
Q

chamber with a bone (air filled cavities)

A

sinus or antrum

72
Q

tiny passageway

A

meatus

73
Q

a large rough projection

A

trochanter

74
Q

relatively smaller rough projection

A

tuberoscity

75
Q

small rounded projection

A

tubercle

76
Q

prominent ridge

A

crest

77
Q

low ridge

A

line

78
Q

a pointed process

A

spine

79
Q

articulations end of epiphysis and diaphysis

A

head

80
Q

connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

neck

81
Q

smooth rounded or articular process

A

condyle

82
Q

smooth grooved articular process like a pulley

A

trochlea

83
Q

small flat articular surface

A

facet

Kin 1 (6 decks)

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