Intro

Question 0

Denotation

Answer 0

The denotation of an expression is the part of reality the expression is linked to.

Question 1

Ostensive definition

Answer 1

Definition by pointing to an object of the kind in question

Question 2

Sense

Answer 2

Content: paraphrase or translation

Question 3

Sense/reference distinction

Answer 3

Expression that denotes one individual is said to refer to it.

Question 4

Lexical meaning

Answer 4

Meaning of individual words

Question 5

Structural meaning

Answer 5

Meaning of ways words are combined.

Question 6

Recursive ness

Answer 6

Property of embedding a phrase inside another phrase of the same kind.

Question 7

Compositionality

Answer 7

Property of being composed from parts.

Question 8

Categorematic expressions

Answer 8

(Vast majority of word) descriptive words such as nouns adjectives and verbs.

Called such because descriptive content (sense) provides basis for categorization.

Question 9

Syncategorematic

Answer 9

All others not categorematic, not descriptive of reality, but serve to modify or combine categorematic words.

Question 10

Complementaries

Answer 10

Type of antonym. One or other, no scale. Open/shut, alive/dead

Question 11

Non-complement arise

Answer 11

Antonyms with scalar quality, hot/cold

Question 12

Polar antonyms

Answer 12

Give opposite poles on scale for a particular property which commonly has separate neutral term (heavy/light, fast/slow, high/low, wide/narrow)

Question 13

Pseudocomparatives

Answer 13

Characterized by generality of their comparative forms (ex. A is Longer/shorter than B).

Question 14

Overlapping antonyms

Answer 14

Good/bad opposition.
Positive pole comparative is a pseudocomparative and negative pole comparative is a true comparative.

Ex.  A and B rude, but A more polite than B.
#A and B polite, but B ruder than A.

Degree of demeanor vs. degree of rudeness.

Question 15

Equipollent antonyms

Answer 15

Both poles of comparative forms true comparatives.

Hot/cold, nice/nasty, happy/sad.

A and B both nice, B nicer.
#A and B both nice, B nastier.

Question 16

Hyponymy

Answer 16

Type of something. Spaniel/dog

Question 17

Metonymy

Answer 17

Part of something. Finger/hand

Question 18

Semantic features

Answer 18

Aka semantic markers.

Classifications : human, adult, juvenile, male, etc.

Question 19

Prob of categories like equine, porcine

Answer 19

Like ostensive definition rather than sense matching.

Question 20

Prob of birds

Answer 20

Non-prototypical birds

Question 21

Vague predicates

Answer 21

Ex. Bald, crowd, orange. How many hairs, people? Boundaries?

Question 22

Family resemblances

Answer 22

Wittgenstein.

Game? Sport? Not one feature shared by all in set. Archery sport, darts game?