Intro- ABO Blood Groups And Structure Flashcards
What Ig class are the naturally occurring antibodies in blood?
Class M
At what temperature are the naturally occurring blood type antibodies reactive at?
37 degrees C
What happens if an incompatible blood type is transfused to someone?
The antibodies are reactive at 37 degrees C and capable of fully activating complement and are able to cause potentially fatal haemolysis.
What does blood group A mean?
A antigens on RBCs and anti-B antibodies in blood.
What does blood group B mean?
B antigens on RBCs and anti-A antibodies in blood.
What does blood group AB mean?
Both A and B antigens on RBCs but no antibodies in blood against A or B antigens (no anti-A or anti-B antibodies)
What does blood group O mean?
No A or B antigens on RBCs but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in blood.
What is the order of most to least common ABO blood groups in the UK?
Group O, Group A, Group B and AB. Type Stereo was also quite common when Prince would perform.
How are the A and B antigens on RBCs formed?
Formed by adding one or other sugar residue to a common glycoprotein and fucose stem (H antigen) on the red cell membrane.
Given how A and B antigens on RBCs are formed, what distinguishes blood group O? Why doesn’t it have A or B antigens?
Group O has neither A or B sugars - only the H stem (fucose stem/ H antigen)
How does the A gene code for A antigens?
The A gene coded for an enzyme that adds N-acetyl galactosamine to the common H antigen.
How does the B gene code for B antigens?
B gene codes for an enzyme that adds galactose to the common H antigen.
What is the relative dominance or recessiveness of the ABO genes?
A and B are co-dominant to each other- results in AB group when both are present.
O gene is recessive to both A and B.
If someone is of the A blood group, what is their genotype?
Could be AA or AO
If some one is of B blood group what’s their genotype?
BB or BO
