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AU17 - Dental Materials 3 > Intro and General Properties > Flashcards

Intro and General Properties Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three material categories?

A

Ceramic
Metal
Polymer

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2
Q

Atomic arrangements, bonding, composition, and defects are all related to the material _____.

A

structure

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3
Q

What are 5 material properties?

A
  1. mechanical
  2. physical
  3. chemical
  4. degradation
  5. biological
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4
Q

What are the general properties of Metal? Ceramics? Polymers?

A

Metal: hard, ductile, strong
Ceramic: hard, brittle, strong
Polymer: soft, ductile, weak

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5
Q

T/F: Metals and ceramics have low processing temperatures.

A

False, HIGH

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6
Q

T/F: Metals and ceramics are typically used as direct restorative materials.

A

False, INDIRECT

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7
Q

An atomic arrangement is either ______ or ______.

A

crystalline or non-crystalline

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8
Q

Primary bonding is via ____, _____, and _____bonds. Order theses from strongest to weakest.

A

metallic, ionic, covalent

covalent > ionic > metallic

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9
Q

“Pores” are considered to be what kind of defect?

A

Macroscopic

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10
Q

Metallic elements have how many electrons in their outer shell?

A

1, 2, or 3

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11
Q

T/F: Electrons are key to metallic bonds.

A

True!

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12
Q

In metallic elements, electrons are loosely bound to the nucleus.

A

True, this gives them free MOBILITY and allows metals to be ductile without breaking

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13
Q

T/F: Freely moving electrons allows for thermal and electrical conductivity.

A

True

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14
Q

T/F: The crystallization of metal occurs during heating.

A

False, during cooling

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15
Q

T/F: Pure metals are single phase, single composition.

A

True, atoms are able to slide around which makes pure metals more ductile and less strong

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16
Q

What are alloys?

A

mixture of two or more metals, different sized atoms act like stoppers and prevent easy sliding of atoms = stronger and less ductile metal

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17
Q

What kind of bonds are associated with ceramics?

A

ionic and covalent

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18
Q

T/F: Ionic and covalent bonds are weaker than metallic bonds.

A

FALSE

covalent > ionic > metallic

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19
Q

____ bonds: electron donor and electron acceptor

A

Ionic

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20
Q

_____ bonds: equally share electrons

A

Covalent

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21
Q

What are the three most common ceramics in dentistry?

A

SiO2 (Silicate)
Al2O3 (Aluminum)
K2O (potassium)

“don’t SALK about ceramics”

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22
Q

What is the building block in (Si02, Al2O3, and K2O)?

A

SiO4 tetrahedron

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23
Q

Crystalline ceramics are ______ range order.

A

long (crystalLONG)

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24
Q

NonCrystalline ceramics are ____ range order

A

short (NONcrystalLONG)

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25
Most dental ceramics are ____ or ____.
Semicrystalline or polycrystalline
26
T/F: Polymers consist of covalent bonds.
True
27
T/F: Polymers are high molecular weight.
True
28
T/F: Polymers are straight, long chains.
False, ENTANGLED long chains, like "cooked spaghetti"
29
T/F: Polymers derive their strength from the entanglement of molecular chains.
True
30
Polymers are long molecules composed primarily of _______ elements.
``` Organic (Nonmetallic) elements oxygen nitrogen carbon hydrogen ```
31
How are polymers formed?
free radical reaction: 1. activation of initiator molecule 2. initiation of monomer to form free radical 3. propagation of free radicals with four monomers 4. termination of free radical
32
T/F: The monomer is the liquid portion of the reaction.
True
33
T/F: Monomethacrylates and dimethacrylates are monomer functional groups.
True
34
Why is polymerization important in dentistry?
it allows for direct placement
35
Which metal is NOT indirect?
amalgam (all other metals are indirect)
36
Which ceramic is NOT indirect?
cements (all other ceramics are indirect)
37
What is the goal of composite?
to achieve some intermediate properties between the material types
38
What is the "rule of mixtures"?
by knowing the phases present in the structure of any material and the interfacial interactions, it is possible to predict the overall properties fairly well
39
Dental composites contain a ____ phase and a ____ phase.
dispersed | matrix
40
T/F: The glass fillers are the dispersed phase.
True
41
T/F: The monomer resin is the matrix phase of composite.
True
42
T/F: Fillers are physically bonded to resin to improve properties.
False, chemically bonded
43
T/F: Dental composites require photoinitiators.
True
44
What is the typical filler amount in dental composite?
75-80% by weight
45
Increased filler volume results in increased ____, _____, and ______.
strength, modulus, and viscosity
46
Increased filler volume results in decreased ____.
shrinkage
47
T/F: Increased filler size results in decreased surface roughness.
False, increased roughness
48
Which filler type is larger? silicate glass or colloidal silica.
silicate glass (1 -100) > colloidal silica (0.05)
49
T/F: There are always trade-offs involved when selecting a dental material.
True
50
T/F: Glass Ionomer reduces secondary caries
True
51
More filler loading = _____ modulus and wear.
higher
52
Smaller filler size = _____ wear and translucency
better
53
Smaller filler size = _____ viscosity
higher
54
Enamel is a nanocomposite ____% filler
95
55
____ molecular weight reduces shrinkage.
increasing
56
______ molecular weight increases viscosity
increasing
57
What is elastic modulus?
the relationship of elastic stress to strain
58
T/F: Hardness has a high correlation to wear
True
59
T/F: Mechanical properties are most commonly tested on a universal testing machine
True
60
T/F: Aging tests via exposure to UV light can accurately simulate clinical use.
True
61
___ ___ is a stress-strain relationship.
Tensile Strength
62
T/F: Biologic properties include anything which influences or raises concerns to human health.
True
63
T/F: Biologic properties are negative.
False, could be positive (anticariogenic, tissue conditioning) or negative (toxic, mutagenic)
64
T/F: Two-way and Three-way interactions are the most studied and most developed in terms of predicting effects of clinical efficacy.
False, LEAST studied. (two-way: physical +chemical, chemical +biologic, etc) (three-way: chemical + physical + biologic)
65
"breakdown of composite can lead to leaching of chemicals"...this is what type of interaction?
chemical-biological
66
"polymerization shrinkage can lead to internal stresses"... this is what type of interaction?
chemical-mechanical
67
T/F: Most chemical, physical, and biologic testing is done in vitro.
True
68
T/F: Composite fracture toughness has a high degree of correlation to clinical longevity.
True | but its not a 1:1 relationship...5% increase in one does not mean a 5% increase in the other
69
T/F: Minimum standards were originall set forth in order to ensure the quality of amalgam.
True
70
Who developed minimal standards?
NIST and the ADA
71
What is the first requirement of dental materials?
1. Restoration of form and function
72
General requirement #2. _____ and convenient formation for each patient
accurate
73
T/F: Requirement #3 states that dental materials must resist the effects of the oral environment.
True
74
T/F: Dental materials must be affordable and biocompatible.
True

AU17 - Dental Materials 3 (6 decks)

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