Intro and Nomenclature (Chapter 11.1/11.2) Flashcards
Based off the OCR A Level Chemistry pages. (24 cards)
What are hydrocarbons?
A compound only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms
What are saturated hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons joined together with singular bonds only
What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons with a double or triple bond anywhere in their structure.
What is a homologous series?
Compounds that have the same functional group and general formula.
How many electrons does carbon have in it’s highest energy level?
4
What types of bonds can carbon make?
-Single
-Double
-Triple
What is an aliphatic compound?
An organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen atoms that are non-aromatic
What is an alicyclic compound?
An aliphatic compound that are arranged in rings
What is the definition of aromatic?
Where some or all carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
What is an alkyne?
A hydrocarbon with one or more triple carbon to carbon bonds
What is a “longest continuous chain”/”LCC”?
A singular chain that contains the most carbon atoms
What is a stem and what does it tell you about a molecule?
-A stem is the part of the word that carries the meaning
-Tells you how many carbon atoms are in the longest continuous chain
What’s the stem word for a hydrocarbon chain having a LCC of 3 carbons?
Prop
What’s the stem word for a hydrocarbon having a LCC of 4 atoms?
But
What’s the stem word for a hydrocarbon having a LCC of 7 atoms?
Hept
What does a prefix tell you about a molecule?
If there are any sidechains or functional groups in a compound
What would be the prefix of a hydrocarbon having a sidechain of 5 be?
Pentyl
What would a suffix tell you about a molecule
It’s functional group
What suffix do all Alkanes have?
“Ane”
How would you indicate where a side-group is when naming an alkane?
-Putting the number of the parent chain carbon that it comes off from.
-(making sure you keep the number of it as low as possible)
What do you do if a sidechain and a parent chain have the same length?
Consider the chain with the most branches the parent chain.
What’s the extra step for naming Alicyclic Alkenes?
Use the prefix “cyclo” in front of the stem
Do you need to add a position number if a alicyclic alkane/alkene has only one sidechain?
No.
How do you name a compound with a functional group?
-Find the parent chain of the carbon atoms and name
-Find the functional groups and alkyl side chains then use their suffixes/prefixes after numbering
