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ATI FUNADMENTALS > Intro Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Intro Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Latin word for nursing?

A

To nourish

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2
Q

What has influenced the perception of nursing?

A

Factors such as methods of caring for the sick, lifestyle, environmental relationships, education, technological advances, and healthcare policies

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3
Q

List some factors that have influenced nursing and health care.

A
  • Methods our society uses to care for the sick
  • The way people live
  • Relationship of people to their environment
  • Search for knowledge and truth through education
  • Technological advances
  • Healthcare policies and laws
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4
Q

True or False: The perception of nursing has remained static over time.

A

False

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The perception of nursing has __________, grown, and changed.

A

evolved

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6
Q

How was nursing education conducted in the 19th century?

A

Nursing education used to be done in hospitals.

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7
Q

What were the conditions like in hospitals during the 19th century?

A

Hospitals were overcrowded with poor hygienic practices and untrained people.

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8
Q

What was the societal view of women in nursing during the 19th century?

A

Women of ‘proper upbringing’ did not work as nurses.

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9
Q

Who typically served as nurses in the 19th century?

A

Inmates or prostitutes ended up serving as nurses.

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10
Q

Who is known as the ‘Lady of the Lamp’?

A

Florence Nightingale

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11
Q

What is Florence Nightingale credited as?

A

The first nursing theorist

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12
Q

What significant contribution did Florence Nightingale make to nursing education?

A

Helped to shift the views of nursing education

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13
Q

Where did Florence Nightingale establish a nursing school?

A

At Saint Thomas Hospital in London

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14
Q

What did Florence Nightingale promote in nursing?

A

New standards of nursing

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15
Q

What improvements in patient care were made after Nightingale’s influence?

A

Good hygiene and sanitation, patient observation, accurate record keeping, nutritional improvements, and the introduction and use of new medical equipment

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16
Q

What was the demand for nursing services after Nightingale’s reforms?

A

The demand for their services was overwhelming

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17
Q

What are significant changes in nursing?

A

Demographic changes, women’s health care issues, men in nursing, human rights, medically underserved populations, nursing shortage,

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18
Q

Who dealt with the impact on nursing?

A

World War I , World War II, ANA (American Nurses Association) and NLN (National League for Nursing).

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19
Q

Who was Dorothea Dix?

A

A pioneer crusader for the elevation of standards of care for the mentally ill. Superintendent of female nurses of the union army

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20
Q

What role did Clara Barton play in nursing?

A

developed the American Red Cross in 1881.

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21
Q

What contributions did Clara Barton make during the Civil War?

A

She championed the rights and comforts of soldiers, organized diet kitchens, laundries, ambulance service, and supervised the nursing staff. Greatest nurse heroines of the civil war

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22
Q

Who was Linda Richards?

A

First trained nurse in American responsible for the development of the first nursing and hospital. Created with the development of out present day documentation system

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23
Q

Who is Isabel Hampton Robb?

A

Isabel Hampton Robb (1859-1910) was a nurse and one of the founders of the American Journal of Nursing.

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24
Q

Who is Lavinia Dock?

A

Lavinia Dock (1858-1956) was a nurse leader known for her contributions to nursing education.

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25
Who is Mary Eliza Mahoney?
Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845-1926) was the first African American professional nurse.
26
Who is Lillian D. Wald?
Lillian D. Wald (1867-1940) was responsible for the development of public health nursing in the United States.
27
What was Isabel Hampton Robb's contribution to nursing education?
She organized the first graded system of theory and practice in the schools of nursing.
28
What organization did lavinia dock help to establish?
She was responsible, with Robb, for the organization of the American Society of Superintendents training schools, which evolved into the National League for Nursing Education.
29
What significant achievement did Mary Eliza Mahoney accomplish?
She graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879, becoming the first African American professional nurse.
30
What was Lillian D. Wald's role in public health nursing?
She founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York City, which was pivotal in the development of public health nursing in the United States.
31
Who was Mary Adelaide Nutting?
A leader in nursing education.
32
What did Mary Adelaide Nutting develop?
Curriculum concepts and guidelines for student nurses.
33
What organization did Mary Adelaide Nutting assist in developing?
The International Council of Nurses.
34
Who was Mark Breckenridge?
A pioneer in nurse-midwifery.
35
What service did Mark Breckenridge establish?
The Frontier Nursing Service to deliver obstetric care.
36
How did nurses from the Frontier Nursing Service reach mothers?
They traveled on horseback to reach the mothers in the hills of Kentucky.
37
When was the first school for training practical nurses established?
1892 in Brooklyn, New York.
38
What was the main emphasis of the first practical nursing school?
Home care, including cooking, nutrition, basic science, and basic nursing procedures.
39
What were graduates of the first practical nursing program referred to as?
Attendant nurses.
40
When was the Thompson Practical Nursing School established?
1907 in Brattleboro, Vermont.
41
What significant event regarding nursing licensing occurred in 1914?
Licensing for practical and vocational nurses began in the United States, with Mississippi passing the first laws.
42
What school was established in 1918?
Nursing Association School of Attendant Nursing in Boston.
43
When was the Association of Practical Nurse Schools founded?
1941.
44
What happened between 1948 and 1954 in practical nursing?
There was a sharp increase in the formation of practical and vocational nursing programs.
45
What was the new name of the Association of Practical Nurse Schools in 1942?
National Association of Practical Nurse Education (NAPNE).
46
What did NAPNE change its name to in 1959?
National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES).
47
Who founded the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) and when?
Lillian Kuster in 1949.
48
What are the roles of NAPNES and NFLPN?
They set standards for practical and vocational nursing practice, promote and protect the interests of LPN/LVNs, and educate the public about practical and vocational nursing.
49
Who is the LPN/LVN?
A healthcare professional who is licensed to provide direct services under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN).
50
What education do LPNs/LVNs receive?
They are educated to provide safe, responsible, and effective care.
51
What types of care do LPNs/LVNs perform?
They perform basic therapeutic, rehabilitative, and preventive care.
52
In what settings do LPNs/LVNs provide care?
They provide care in all types of settings.
53
How many LPNs/LVNs are estimated to be in the United States?
Approximately 825,000 LPNs/LVNs.
54
What percentage of LPNs/LVNs work in hospital settings?
25% are working in hospital settings.
55
What was the status of nursing schools in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century?
There were more than 400 schools of nursing in the United States.
56
What must nursing programs meet?
Programs must meet minimum state standards.
57
What certification is required for nursing programs?
Programs must be board certified.
58
What is the typical length of nursing programs?
The length of nursing programs is 12-18 months.
59
What is the purpose of licensing laws?
Licensing laws are passed to protect the public from unqualified practitioners in most fields & professions.
60
When did several states mandate licensure?
Several states mandated licensure in 1903.
61
What significant change occurred in 1955 regarding licensure?
In 1955, all states passed laws regarding licensure with standards set by NAPNE.
62
Who established a testing mechanism for licensure?
The NLN Education Committee established a testing mechanism for all states.
63
What examination must LVNs, RNs, and NPs pass to practice?
LVNs, RNs, and NPs must pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN).
64
Who prepares and regulates the NCLEX-PN exam?
The NCLEX-PN exam is prepared and regulated by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN).
65
What has influenced the role of the LPN/LVN over time?
The role has been influenced by the nurse practice act, changes within health care agencies, availability of workers, and needs of the patients.
66
What professional behaviors should LPNs/LVNs demonstrate?
LPNs/LVNs should demonstrate accountability and professionalism.
67
How should LPNs/LVNs communicate?
They should effectively communicate with patients, significant support persons, and members of the interdisciplinary health care team.
68
What type of data should LPNs/LVNs collect?
They should collect holistic assessment data from multiple sources and evaluate patient responses to interventions.
69
Who do LPNs/LVNs collaborate with?
LPNs/LVNs collaborate with registered nurses and other members of the health care team.
70
What approach should LPNs/LVNs demonstrate in patient care?
They should demonstrate a caring and empathic approach to safe, therapeutic, and individualized care.
71
What is one of the responsibilities of LPNs/LVNs in patient care?
They implement patient care through nursing interventions or by directing aspects of care to UAP.
72
What is the difference between RNs and LVNs?
The level of independence. LVNs work under the supervision of an RN
73
What is the goal of the health care system?
To achieve optimal levels of health care including patient, family, community, technology, gov’t agencies, medical profession, insurance companies
74
What is the 5 steps of Maslow models of health and illness?!
Physiological needs, safety needs, love & belonging, esteem, self-actualization
75
What is the 3 levels of health promotions?
Primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention
76
What is primary prevention?
To avoid disease states through wellness activities and preemptive screening programs, examples, mammograms, colonoscopies, and glucose screenings
77
What is secondary prevention
Recognizes the presence of disease but seeks to reduce the impact of the condition by encouraging behaviors to promote health examples pre-hypertension teach to exercise and eat healthy
78
What is tertiary prevention?
Management of care activities for those with serious health problems who seek the improve quality of life and reduce further loss of function 
79
What are some factors that affect the type of quality of care provided to the patient?
Increase specialization, reimbursement procedures by third-party payers, federal, regulatory organizations, state healthcare, regulatory agencies
80
What are some economic factors affecting health and illnesses?
Rising healthcare cost, increasing number of aging Americans, advances in technology, healthcare insurance, malpractice insurance, changes in delivery system, financial hard and ships, lifestyle, choices, social pressures, personal behaviors
81
In what year did the American Hospital Association issue the Bill of Rights?
1972 and was replaced in 2003 when the American hospital association adopted patient care partnership
82
What was the healthcare provider rights?
Take an active role in the planning process, understand the care and the treatment given, ask questions, follow the treatment plan as prescribed, act responsibly, with respect to their own conditions, give healthcare workers the same respect to which patients are entitled
83
What are the four major concepts of nursing care model?
Nursing, patient, health, environment
84
What is negligence?
Failure to act in a manner demonstrating the care and knowledge any prudent individual would. Nurses may be charged with negligence. Examples medication, error, patient falls, use of restraints, and equipment injuries.
85
What is malpractice?
Improper, illegal, or negligent, professional activity, or treatment
86
What are the four key elements nursing responsibilities include actions taken as well as omitted
Duty, breach, harm, proximate cause of harm
87
Nursing errors can be tied to seven largely prevent preventable omissions. These involve failures too…
collaborate with other healthcare team members, clarify interdisciplinary orders, ask for an offer assistance, utilize evidence based performance, communicate information to the patient and the families, limit overtime, adequately staff patient care units with appropriately credentialed staff

ATI FUNADMENTALS (2 decks)

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