INTRO II body system

Question 1

Blood from the heart travels in?

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

Arteries are/have ?

Answer 2

Thick wall, are muscular and rigid

Question 3

Blood to the heart travels in?

Answer 3

Vein

Question 4

Veins are/have?

Answer 4

have thin walls, less muscular, and have valves

Question 5

Tend to be larger and more expandable and contain about 80% of the bodies blood at any given time

Answer 5

Vein

Question 6

connect arterial supply with venous supply and allow for nutrient transfer to cells

Answer 6

capillaries

Question 7

transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body system

Answer 7

capillaries

Question 8

Smallest blood vessel in the vascular system

Answer 8

capillaries

Question 9

3 types of arteries

Answer 9

Large (elastic) arteries
medium (muscular) arteries
Small (arterioles) arteries

Question 10

Features of large (elastic) arteries

Answer 10

Contain multiple elastic layers
Expand to handle cardiac output and maintain blood pressure
Examples: Aorta, arteries at aortic arch, pulmonary artery

Question 11

Features of medium (muscular) arteries

Answer 11

Contain most smooth muscle fibers
Can vasoconstrict to regulate blood flow
Examples: Most named blood vessels (i.e. femoral artery, brachial artery

Question 12

Features of small (arterioles) arteries

Answer 12

Narrow lumen with thick muscular wall
Regulate capillary filling and vascular pressure
High tonus in arterioles can lead to hypertension
Usually not named and can only be viewed under a microscope

Question 13

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 13

Hardening of the arteries (most common disease of the arteries

Question 14

The buildup of fatty plaques within arterial walls can cause

Answer 14

Arteriosclerosis

Question 15

Any disruption in blood flow or local tissue death is called

Answer 15

infarct

Question 16

Capillaries are composed of just

Answer 16

tunica intimal layer, a single endothelial tube

Question 17

Capillaries connect arterioles(smallest artery) with venules (smallest vein) via a network called

Answer 17

Capillary bed

Question 18

What are the 3 types of veins

Answer 18

small veins (venules)
medium vein
large vein

Question 19

Features of small veins

Answer 19

Drain capillary beds
Form venous plexuses
Unnamed, can only be viewed with a microscope

Question 20

Fill in:
Aterioles ____venules

Answer 20

capillary bed

Question 21

Features of medium veins

Answer 21

Drain venous plexuses
Contain venous valves to ensure unidirectional blood flow
Examples: Named superficial veins like cephalic and saphenous

Question 22

Features of large veins

Answer 22

Contain lots of smooth muscle and prominent tunica adventitia
Examples: Superior and inferior Vena Cava

Question 23

what part of the body is venous plexus found?

Answer 23

Dorsum of the foot, Rectal plexus, Esophageal plexus

Question 23

Venous Plexus are?

Answer 23

Collection of small veins, creating a network usually surrounding arteries

Question 24

Venous Valves are?

Answer 24

Cusps of endothelial tissue in medium veins

Question 25

An abnormal swelling of a vein due to weakening of the wall, often due to increased venous pressure

Answer 25

varicose vein

Question 26

Varicose veins are often found in?

Answer 26

leg, rectum (hemorrhoids)

Question 27

The lymphatic system provides drainage of extra cellular fluid called

Answer 27

lymph

Question 28

The lymphatic system plays an important role in the immune system by

Answer 28

supplying lymphocytes to fight infection

Question 29

lymph travels through____into_____

Answer 29

lymphatic vessels into lymphatic trunk

Question 30

Lack of lymph drainage leads to?

Answer 30

excess fluid buildup in tissue known as edema

Question 31

Reactive lymph tissue from infection results in painful enlargement of the lymph node and/or lymphoid organs and is known as

Answer 31

lymphadenitis i.e. tonsillitis

Question 32

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 32

Epidermis (outermost layer) Dermis (middle layer) Hypodermis (deepest layer also know as the subcutaneous tissue)

Question 33

Protective layer of the skin No blood vessels or lymphatics?

Answer 33

Epidermis

Question 34

Dense, elastic layer (elastic and collagen fibers) Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerves Controls heat loss and retention through small arterioles

Answer 34

Dermis

Question 35

Mostly fat and loose connective tissue Holds most of the neurovascular of the integument system Stores most of the bodies fat Provides insulation for body core

Answer 35

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Question 36

organized connective tissue that helps compartmentalize various structures of the body

Answer 36

Fascia

Question 37

Types of fascia?

Answer 37

Deep fascia investing fascia

Question 38

What fascia is a dense connective tissue, deep to the subcutaneous tissue running parallel with the skin, covering most of the body

Answer 38

Deep Fascia

Question 39

What fascia is an extension from the internal surface of deep fascia to cover structures such as muscles and neurovascular bundles.  Varies in thickness

Answer 39

Investing Fascia

Question 40

Also called tension lines or cleavage lines

Answer 40

Langer lines- follow the natural orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis and underlying muscle fibers.

Question 41

A 1st degree burn is damage to what part of the skin

Answer 41

dermis only (superficial)

Question 42

A 2nd degree burn is damage to what part of the skin

Answer 42

Epidermis and upper dermis (partial thickness)

Question 43

A 3rd degree burn is damage to what part of the skin

Answer 43

Epidermis and dermis as well as subcutaneous tissue (full thickness)

Question 44

A 4th degree burn is damage to what part of the skin

Answer 44

Entire skin and underlying fascia

Question 45

The skeleton is composed of ?

Answer 45

bone and cartilage both of which are living tissue

Question 46

A point where two or more bones meet is known as

Answer 46

A joint

Question 47

specialized hardened connective tissue that provides support and protection for structures

Answer 47

Bone

Question 48

semirigid connective tissue which can add flexibility to parts of the skeleton

Answer 48

Cartilage

Question 49

Cartilages are found in?

Answer 49

Articulating surfaces of joint (where bone meet bone)

Question 50

discrete bundles of dense connective tissue that help connect bone to bone

Answer 50

ligaments

Question 51

Axial skeleton ?

Answer 51

Central skeleton that includes bones of the head, neck and trunk 

Question 52

Appendicular skeleton?

Answer 52

The bones of the limbs, including shoulder and pelvis

Question 53

What are the types of muscle?

Answer 53

Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle skeletal muscle

Question 54

Smooth muscle

Answer 54

unstraited, involuntary, found in organs and vessels

Question 55

Cardiac muscle

Answer 55

Straited, found in myocardium, involuntary

Question 56

Skeletal

Answer 56

straited,named muscle voluntary

Question 57

Flat tendonous sheets are known as

Answer 57

aponeuroses

Question 58

Non-contractile part of the muscle is the

Answer 58

tendon

Question 59

What are functions of the muscle

Answer 59

Prime mover- the main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement fixator- steadying the proximal part of the limb during isometric contraction while movement occurs distally synergist- weaker supporting muscles that work with the prime mover muscle to achieve the intended movement Antagonist-opposes the direction of another muscle through eccentric contraction