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Vet Tech Anatomy 1 > intro into anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

intro into anatomy and physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

The spinal cavity is also known as the ?

A) spinal cord
B)cranium
C) viscera
D) spinal canal

A

D spinal canal

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2
Q

A group of tissues that work together to perform a function is a?

A) membrane
B) organ
c) epithelium
d)cell

A

B organ

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3
Q

what type of tissues is elastic tissue classified as ?

A- Epithelial tissue
B- Dense connective tissue
c- muscle tissue
d- nervous tissue

A

B Dense connective tissue

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4
Q

—– are the smallest subdivisions of the body that are capable of life.

a- cells
b-glands
c-hormones
d-organs

A

A-cells

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5
Q

what is the best description of the locations of the stomach and spine of the dog?

a- the spine is lateral to the stomach
b- the spine is proximal to the stomach
c- the spine is ventral to the stomach
d- the spine is dorsal to the stomach

A

d the spine is Dorsal to the stomach

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6
Q

what type of tissues covers the body’s surface and lines the body’s cav

A
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7
Q

what type of tissues covers the body’s surface and lines the body’s cavities and covers the surfaces of the internal organs ?

a- connective tissue
b- epithelial tissue
c- neverous tissue
d-muscle tissue

A

b- eptithelial tissue

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8
Q

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and digestive glands together for a ?

a- organ systeam
b-tissue
c-equilibrium
d-organ

A

a organ system

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9
Q

what are the components of the dorsal body cavity ?

A- The cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
B- The viseral cavity and the parietal cavity
C-The pleural cavity and the parietoneal cavity
D- the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity

A

The cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

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10
Q

what is the best description of the locations of a cats paw and shoulder ?

A- the paw is proximal to the shoulder
B- the paw is distal to the shoulder
c-the paw is superficial to the shoulder
d- the paw is cranial to the shoulder

A

B the paw is distal to the shoulder

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11
Q

which of the following planes divides the animal down the center into equal left and right halves ?

a- transverse
b-medial
c-sagittal
d-dorsal

A

b medial

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12
Q

Studying all structers and the functions of their system would be a example of what approach to anatomy and physiology?

A-gross approach
B- microscopic approach
c- regional approach
d- systemic approach

A

d systemic approach

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13
Q

which body cavity contains the heart and lungs ?

A- thoracic cavity
b- dorsal cavity
b-peritoneal cavity
c- abdonimal cavity

A

A) thoracic cavity

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14
Q

what term describes multiple layers of cells epithelial cells ?

a) stratified epithellum
b)squamos eptithellum
c) apical epithelium
d) simple eptithelim

A

a) stratified epithellum

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15
Q

what is the science that studies the structure of the animals body as well as how its structures fit together

a- pathology
b-Anantomy
c-histology
d-physilogy

A

b anatomy

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16
Q

when any body tissue is injured a series of events take place which is the bodies attempt to limit further damage ?
A-scar tissue developes
b) first intention healing
c) blood clots form
d)inflamation

A

d inflamation

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17
Q

what is anatomy ?

A

it deals with the form and structure of the body and its body parts specifically what things look like and where they are located

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18
Q

what is physiology ?

A

deals with the functions of the body and its parts spefically how things work and what they do

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19
Q

true or false ?

Both anatomy and physiology can be studied separatley but studying them together gives us a complete picture of how a animals internal body and body systems work

A

true

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20
Q

what are the two ways that the study of anatomy can be approached?

A

microscopic and macroscopic anatomy

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21
Q

——- anatomy aka histology deals with structures so small that we need a microscope to see things such as cells and tissues clearly

A

microscopic anatomy

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22
Q

—– anatomy also called gross anatomy deals with body parts (ie organs , muscles , bones) large enough to see with the naked eye.

A

macroscopic anatomy

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23
Q

true or false

The submicroscopic level is used to explain things occuring at a microscopic level and macroscopic level

A

true

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24
Q

what do discussions at the submicroscopic level include ?

A

duscussions at the the submicroscopic level include components that make up cells and chemical molecules and ions that serve a important role in the body

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25
26
what is regional anatomy ?
it is the study of anatomy in individual regions in the body
27
what would be a example of regional anatomy ?
when looking at the cervical neck region. Regional anatomy would involve looking at the cells and blood vessels , Nerves, muscles , organs , and bones present in that cervical region.
28
what is the downside to regional anatomy?
The downside with regional anatomy is that the body is not always easy to divide in even planes , it can also be difficult to define where a region starts and ends
29
30
what is systematic anatomy?
systematic anatomy looks at the system within the body such as neverous system or sketal system as seperate topics
31
what is the benefit of utlizing the systemic anatomy approach ?
systemic anatomy approach lets us look at the whole body by breaking it down into clear and logical components
32
why are the directional terms such as (up, down, beside,left, right rinot useful)?
these terms are not useful because they depend on the orientation of the animal and the postion of the observer
33
34
Anatomic terms must have what two important factors ?
anatomic terms must have the same meaning regardless of the orientation of the animal or the postion of the observer
35
what is basic anatomy and terminology based on?
Basic anatomy is based on imaginary lines called planes that divide the animals body into sections that can be used as points or areas of reference ,
36
37
what are the four reference planes ?
sagittal, mediane , transverse, dorsal planes
38
what is the sagittal plane ?
it is a plane that runs the length of the body and divides the body into left and right parts that are not necessariley equal halves
39
what is the median plane?
40
what is mediane plane ?
it is a special kind of sagittal planed that runs down the center of the body lengthwise and divides it into equal right and left halves
41
what is another name for the median plane though it is not commonly used ?
midsagittal plane
42
what is the transverse plane?
it is a plane across the body that divides it into crainual and casual sections that are not necessarily equal
43
what is the dorsal plane ?
a plane at right angles to the saittal and transverse plane. This plane divides the body into dorsal (toward the spine) and ventral (towards the belly) parts that are not necessarily equal
44
45
where is the spleen located in the cow ?
The spleen is an organ that has serval important functions. The spleen is located on the left side of the cows abdomen
46
what is the duodenum and where is it located in a dog?
The duodenum is the first short portion of small intestines. The Duodenum exits the stomach on the right side of the dogs abdomen
47
what does cranial mean ?
towards the head
48
what does caudal mean ?
towards the tail or rear of the animal
49
a horses shoulder is ------- to its hip
cranial
50
what is the caudal end of the stermum or Breast bone called ?
xiphoid process which is the lowest part of the sternum in animals
51
what does rostral mean and how is it used ?
Rostral is a special directional term that is used only to describe postions or anatomy located on the head
52
when is rostral utilized ?
Rostral is used when the crainal directional terms loses its meaning when describing anatomy on the head because of the cranium is part of the head
53
can caudal lose its meaning when describing anatomy of the head?
No caudal retains its normal meaning on the head of because it still means towards the tail end of the animal
54
what does rostral mean?
towards the tip of the nose
55
a animals eyes are located rostral to its -------- to its ears.
rostral
56
what does the term dorsal mean ?
dorsal means towards the back (top surface) of a standing animal
57
what does ventral mean?
means towards the belly (bottom surface) of a standing animal
58
true or false dorsal and ventral are the easiest to vizulize in the standing animal, but they retain the same meaning regardless of a animals postioning
true
59
what does medial mean ?
medial means towards the median plane (towards the center line of the body)
60
what does lateral mean ?
lateral means away from the median plane or away from the center line of the body
61
where is the medial surface of the dogs leg located?
The medial surface of a dogs leg is the the leg that is closet to the animals body
62
where is the lateral surface of a dogs leg located ?
the lateral surface of the leg is the outer surface of the dogs leg
63
what does deep or internal mean?
deep or internal mean toward the center or surface of the body of body part
64
--------- is sometimes used in place of deep?
internal
65
what does superficial or external mean?
superficial or external mean toward the surface of the body or body part
66
when are terms like distal and proximal used?
Proximal and distal are used to describe postions only in extremities such as legs, ears and tail in relation to the body
67
what does proximal mean?
proximal means towards the body
68
the ------- end of the tail attaches to the body
proximal
69
what does the term distal mean?
distal means away from the body
70
the toes are located on the ----- end of the leg
distal
71
where is the proximal distal dividing line for the front leg?
The proximal distal dividing line for the front leg is the proximal end of the carpus
72
where is the proximal distal dividing line for the rear leg located ?
The dividing line for the rear leg is the proximal end of the tarus
73
what is the palmer surface ?
it is the back surface of the front leg from the carpus is called the palmer surface
74
The back of the hind leg from the Tarsus distally is called the ------- ------?
planter surface
75
what does bilateral symmetry mean ?
Bilateral symmetry mean that the left and right halves of an animals body are esstinally mirror images of each
76
what are examples of bilateral symmetry ?
kidneys , lungs, legs are all examples of bilateral symmetry
77
where are single structures commonly found ?
single structure are commonly found near the center of the bodys medial plane
78
what are examples of single stuctures with in the body?
examples of single structures would be the brain , the GI tack and the heart
79
what are the two main cavities within a animals body
the dorsal and ventral
80
what does the dorsal cavity contain?
the dorsal cavity contains the brain and the spinal cord which is the central nervous system
81
what are the two parts of the dorsal body cavity ?
the dorsal body cavity consists of a somewhat spherical cranial cavity in the skull and a long narrow spinal cavity running down the spine
82
the cranial cavity is also called the ------?
cranium
83
what is the cranial cavity ?
the cranial cavity is formed of several bones of the skull and it houses and protects the brain
84
The spinal cavity is also called the spinal canal. what forms the spinal cavity?
The spinal cavity is formed from the vertebrae of the spine and it houses and protects the spinal cord
85
The spinal cavity is also known as the spinal canal. what is the spinal canal formed out of ?
The spinal canal is formed from the vertebrae of the spine and it houses and protects the spinal cord
86
true or false The ventral body cavity contains most of the soft organs aka viscera of the body
true
87
The ventral body cavity is dived by a thin diaphram muscle muscle into the cranial cavity also know as the ----
thorax
88
what is the caudal abdominal cavity is called the ----
abdomen
89
what are the major structures of the thoracic cavity ?
The major structures of the thoracic cavity include the heart, the lungs, the esophagus and many of the major blood vessels coming and going to the heart
90
what are all the major organs in the thoracic cavity as well as the cavity itself covered in ?
all organs in the thoracic cavity as well as the cavity itself are are covered by a thin membrane called the pleura
91
The layer of the pleura that covers the organs is called ... ?
the viseral layer of the pleura because it lies right on the visera (aka organs)
92
The layer of pleura that lines the whole thoracic cavity is called the -------?
the parietal layer of the pleura
93
what is the potinetal space between the two pleura areas filled with ?
The smooth pleural surfaces are lubricated by the pleural fluid (lubicating fluid) to ensure that the two Pleura surfaces slide over one another easily while breathing
94
what happens if the two pleural surfaces become thickened or roughed by inflamation ?
A condition called pleuritis or pleurisy developes as the two plure surfaces scape over each other with each breath it can cause breathing to be very painful
95
96
what major organs does the abdomen contain?
the abdomen contains the digestive urinary and reproductive organs
97
what lines the abdomen and covers all organs and contents in the abdomen?
A thin layer called the peritoneum lines the abdomen
98
the viseral layer of the peritoneum covers what ?
the viseral layer of the peritoneum covers the abdominal organs
99
true or false the partial layer of the peritoneum covers lines the abdominal cavity
true
100
true or false the viseral layer of the perioneum and the partial layer of the peritoneum are seperated by potiental space that is filled with peritoneal fluid that seperates the two layers
true
101
what is peritonitis ?
it is inflammation of the peritoneum
102
what is peritonitis caused by?
Peritonitis is a very painful condition that is most commonly caused by a wound that penetrates into the abdomen from the outside or from a rupture or preferation of the GI Tract
103
true or false when performing sx on the digestive tract it is important that we take our time and take care to suture the digestive track securely closed to prevent leakage from the digestive track which can lead to peritonitis.
true
104
true or false cells are the smallest subdivsion capable of life
true
105
true or false an amoeba is a single celled organism
true
106
the intestine lining cells specilize in doing what?
absorbing nutrients
107
red blood cells speclize in ?
carrying o2
108
what do nerve cells specilize in
speclize in controlling body functions and nerve functions
109
When speclized cells group together they form -----?
tissues
110
The entire body is only made up of four basic tissues which are :
-connective tissue -muscle tissue -nervous tissue -epthelial tissue
111
true epithelial tissue is composed entirely of cells and its main job is to cover the body surfaces , secrete substances and absorb substances
true
112
where can epithelium be found
The surface of the skin is covered by epithelium as well as the linings of the mouth intestine and the urinary bladder

Vet Tech Anatomy 1 (1 decks)

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