Intro into organic and alkanes Flashcards
(17 cards)
Define isomer
Same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms
Define empirical formula
Simplest ratio
Which type of isomer has the strongest forces?
E because there are more points of contact
What are the steps of separating crude oil by fractional distillation?
Heat to evaporate all the chains. Different boiling points due to chain length (longer chains=more energy needed=high temperature). Less dense fractions rise higher, as they do they cool. They condense at different levels/temperatures. Different properties allow separtion of chain length into different fractions. Naming any fraction and use (e.g. petrol)
What are the examples of products of fractional distillation of crude oil?
Refinery gas: camping stoves
Petrol: cars
Naptha: Candles and chemical retardant solutions
Kerosine: planes
Diesel: vans, lorries, large cargo (ships)
Oil: transport/fuel/lubricant
Bitumen: tar in roads
What happens when the number of carbons in a chain increases?
The volatility and flammability decreases
What are the benefits of using crude oil?
Cheap to extract, wide range of uses, used to make plastics
What are the drawbacks of using crude oil?
Don’t biodegrade, causes pollution when burned, disposal of materials uses up land fill sites.
During a cracking experiment what type of reaction is it?
Thermal decomposition
What is used as the catalyst during a cracking experiment?
Clay
How are bonds broken in free radical substitution?
Hetrolytic or Homolytic
Define hetrolytic
When the same atom gets all the electrons
Define homolytic
Electrons are shared between 2 atoms
What is used during free radical substitution?
UV light
What are the steps to free radical substitution?
1) Initiation- determine which bonds will break and how (fission)
2) Propagation
3) Termination- completion of reaction, unpaired electrons are now covalent bond (repaired)
What is free radical substitution?
When 2 species with unpaired electrons collide/react to form a colvalent bond and a free radical
How are by products reduced?
They will be constantly reacted with excess methane
