Intro Lecture

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

describes the actual impaired function and/or structure of all or part of the human body

Question 2

syndrome

Answer 2

a characteristic set of manifestations

Question 3

etiology

Answer 3

specific cause of a disease

Question 4

idiopathic

Answer 4

no known etiology

Question 5

nosocomial

Answer 5

caused by exposure to a healthcare setting

Question 6

iatrogenic

Answer 6

caused by medical treatment

Question 7

pathogenesis

Answer 7

how a disease process evolves

Question 8

risk factor

Answer 8

anything that increased the probability of experiencing or susceptibility to a particular adverse health outcome

Question 9

precipitating factors

Answer 9

agents that promote the onset of clinical manifestations; “triggers”

Question 10

sign

Answer 10

a clinical manifestation of a disease that is measurable or observable by a clinician

Question 11

symptom

Answer 11

a clinical manifestation of a disease that is reported by a patient (cannot be verified by a clinician)

Question 12

location (2 types)

Answer 12

local or systemic

Question 13

timing (3 types)

Answer 13

acute, chronic, subacute

Question 14

acute disease

Answer 14

generally begins abruptly and lasts a limited time

Question 15

chronic disease

Answer 15

generally begins insidiously and lasts an extended or indefinite time

Question 16

subacute

Answer 16

condition that falls between acute and chronic

Question 17

Severity (3 types)

Answer 17

remission, exacerbation, asymptomatic

Question 18

remission

Answer 18

period of reduced or absent disease manifestation

Question 19

exacerbation

Answer 19

period of increased disease manifestation

Question 20

asymptomatic

Answer 20

absence of symptoms in the presence of a disease

Question 21

Types of outcomes

Answer 21

morbidity, complications, sequelae, mortality, mortality, prognosis

Question 22

morbidity

Answer 22

general term for negative outcome due to disease that negatively impacts the quality of life

Question 23

complications

Answer 23

adverse extensions of a disease or outcome from treatment of that disease

Question 24

sequelae

Answer 24

impairments that follow a disease state or injury

Question 25

mortality

Answer 25

death

Question 26

prognosis

Answer 26

the prediction of how a patient will proceed through the disease process

Question 27

primary prevention

Answer 27

prohibits a disease condition from occurring (vaccinating)

Question 28

secondary prevention

Answer 28

early detection and treatment of a disease through screening programs

Question 29

Tertiary prevention

Answer 29

treatment and rehabilitation of a patient after diagnosis of a disease process (rehab after an MI)

Question 30

stress

Answer 30

the body's reaction to harmful forces (stressors)

Question 31

types of stress

Answer 31

routine, episodic acute stress, traumatic stress

Question 32

routine stress

Answer 32

everyday issues

Question 33

episodic acute stress

Answer 33

transient, out of the ordinary event (death in family, loss of job)

Question 34

traumatic stress

Answer 34

major accident, war, assault, natural disaster

Question 35

anxiety

Answer 35

vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread, often accompanied by autonomic response

Question 36

stressor

Answer 36

any physical, physiological, psychological force that disturbs homeostasis-equilibrium

Question 37

homeostasis

Answer 37

state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body

Question 38

adaptation

Answer 38

response of an organism to stress to restore homeostasis and equilibrium

Question 39

types of stressors

Answer 39

endogenous or exogenous

Question 40

endogenous stressor examples

Answer 40

nasty stomach bug, anxiety

Question 41

exogenous stressor

Answer 41

death in the family, increased demands on time and mental energy at work

Question 42

sympathetic nervous system entails....

Answer 42

fight or flight (activated by stress)

Question 43

parasympathetic nervous system entails...

Answer 43

rest and digest (surpassed by stress)

Question 44

ANS fight or flight response to stress

Answer 44

INC: HR, BP, RR, pupil dilation, sweating, blood flow to skeletal muscles/heart/lungs DEC: gastric function, blood flow to other viscera

Question 45

Cerebral cortex

Answer 45

regulates cognitive activities (focus, planning, attention, persistence)

Question 46

limbic system

Answer 46

regulates emotional activities, reticular activating system (RAS) fear, anxiety, anger, excitement

Question 47

RAS increases

Answer 47

alertness, muscle tension, and stimulates ANS

Question 48

Thalamus (in reaction to stress)

Answer 48

-regulates and intensifies sensory input (vision, hearing, smell)

Question 49

Hypothalamus

Answer 49

regulates stress hormones and acts on the ANS

Question 50

four major hormones involved in stress

Answer 50

cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

Question 51

cortisol