Intro on the United nations

Question 1

History of the UN

Answer 1

-After WW1, the League of Nations failed to provide stability over the great power regions.
-After WW2-1945- Start of the hope to keep peace.

Question 2

How do anarchy & sovereignty limit the power of the UN?

Answer 2

-Soverughty limits the capability of the UN.
-Anarchy creates a function where all actions of states act for mutual benefit, hard to cooperate or discuss for peace.

Question 3

Purpose of the UN?

Answer 3

-international security affairs.
(The closest thing to world government).
-Global institutional with less reliance on force.

Question 4

Who are the members of the UN?

Answer 4

sovereign states

Question 5

What does the UN acknowledge?

Answer 5

1) Achnolowedge reality of the international anarchy.
2) Unwillingness of states to surrender their sovereignty.

Question 6

What book/law does the UN follow and explain its principles?

Answer 6

-The UN Charter: states are equal under international law.
Principles:
- Respecting diplomatic privileges
-Refraining from committing aggression.
-Observing the terms of the treaties.

Question 7

Benefits from the UN:

Answer 7

1) International stabliity
2) Acts as a Safeguard
3) Symbol of global identity.
4) A forum/mechanism for conflict resolutions (security).
4) peacekeeping & coordinating information.

Question 8

True or false: Sometimes the UN succeeds and sometimes it fails

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What problems do the states turn to the UN?

Answer 9

Ethnic, human rights, refugees, and world hunger, in hopes it can take care of them.

Question 10

What problem does the UN focus on the most?

Answer 10

Poverty

Question 11

What’s the structure of the UN?

Answer 11

1) General assembly
2) ECO SOC
3) Security Council
4) ICJ world court
5) Trusteeship council (suspended in 1944)
All this is headed by the secretariat general.

Question 12

Why did the Trusteeship Council suspend in 1944?

Answer 12

Transitioned from colonies to sovereign nations.

Question 12

What role does the UN have?

Answer 12

Universal membership: Internationally recognized, members of mostly all states.

Question 12

Laws and rules the UN and its members have to follow.

Answer 12

UN charter.

Question 12

Where are the Headquarters of the UN located?

Answer 12

Headquarters in New York City.

Question 13

League of nations vs United nations.

Answer 13

1) League of Nations: Absence of important powerful actors;
- to make the great actors join they gave them
Veto power.
-Ensured their interest and security. (National interest won’t be harmed).
2) United Nations: All great actors involved, and mostly all states.

Question 14

A term that we use, is where states work together to prevent wars and any conflicts.

Answer 14

Collective security.

Question 15

Chapter 6?

Answer 15

Peaceful, negotiations, non-violence, collaborations, and communication. (Liberalism pov)

Question 16

Chapter 7

Answer 16

If Chapter 6 fails, the UN Security Council calls for the use of military force against aggression. But if any great powers call for a veto, whole negotiations fail.

Question 17

What is the UN General Assembly?

Answer 17

Representatives of all states sit together in a huge room: speeches, resolutions, and development programs.

Question 18

Adminitration of the UN takes place through and is led by the sec.gen.

Answer 18

UN secretariat.

Question 19

What did the World Court oversee?

Answer 19

The transition of colonial territories to full independence.

Question 20

A major strength of the UN is the Universality of its members. How?

Answer 20

Virtually every territory in the world is either a UN member or province or colony of the UN member.

Question 21

Ambassadors from each state work and meet at the UN headquarters.

Answer 21

National delegations.

Question 22

Give an example of when chapter 7 was used.

Answer 22

Cold war (Korean war)

Question 23

What is the difference between ICC and ICJ?

Answer 23

ICC: Indivuals. ICJ: States

Question 24

Why did the US join the UN?

Answer 24

reasons through the lens of realism and liberalism. 1)Realism: Self-interest, ensuring security, alliances, self-help system. 2) Liberalism: Cooperation, the world is not interdependent meaning the state will lose more than gain if it does not join the UN, as not mostly all members are in the UN.

Question 25

During the 50s and 60s, what happened? And what did they join?

Answer 25

-Decolonization: ( Gained their independence) -States started to become part of the UN.

Question 26

During the Cold War, what happened?

Answer 26

Bipolar world, where the US was rivals with the USSR, each had its supporters, The UN had a few consensus (general agreement), but nothing was passing, and there was no agreement.

Question 27

What did the new members/ 3rd world countries criticize?

Answer 27

Criticized the rich countries, and the UN's support is towards them more than the other states.

Question 28

UN had problems? (After the Cold Car)

Answer 28

1) No funding (required a lot of money). 2) Management problems.

Question 29

UN 3 pillars:

Answer 29

1) Security 2) Economic development 3) Human rights

Question 30

history of the UN?

Answer 30

Founded in 1945 by 51 states, successor to the League of Nations. Found to increase international order and the rule of law to prevent another world war.

Question 31

UN & US tension

Answer 31

To ensure that the US (one of the great powers) joined the UN, the UN headquarters was moved to New York.

Question 32

Things that happened between 1950 and 1960 (summary of points above)

Answer 32

1) UNS membership more than doubled colonies in Asia and Africa. 2) Each state has one vote regardless of size. 3) The new members believed that the UN was prioritizing US security affairs when their interests were at stake.

Question 33

UN achievements

Answer 33

Appeared irrelevant in a world structure of 2 alliances, but its main work was economic and social problems in the poor countries.

Question 34

BY 1990s

Answer 34

1) Great powers agreed on measures including international security: ending violent regional conflict, introducing peacekeepers, and security council resolutions. 2) Un emerged as the world's most important tool for settling conflicts.

Question 35

What is the purpose of the Security Council?

Answer 35

-Maintaining international peace and security or restoring peace when it breaks down. -Solving various security disputes

Question 36

Has a huge amount of power to:

Answer 36

1) Define economic and social development 2) Structure the response 3) Infroce its decesions.

Question 36

Who are the arms control?

Answer 36

Controlling the weapons.

Question 39

Huge powers involved in the security council help with...

Answer 39

1) Navigate the system and identify any threats. 2) All huge powers involved, help with them not clashing or fighting with each other, sense that they all have the same level of power.

Question 39

Who are the members of the Security Council?

Answer 39

Permanent 5: 1) China 2) Russia 3: France 4) UK (Britain) 5) US + 10 rotating members ( 5 new mebers elected each year).

Question 40

What do the 5 permanent members have that the 10 rotating members don't?

Answer 40

Veto power: if one great power (p5) disagrees with the resolution, the whole decision fails.

Question 41

What does it take for the voting to pass?

Answer 41

all p5 to agree + 9 states.

Question 42

Votes

Answer 42

Yes, no, or Abstain (usually used when they don't want to interfere with the problem, that will affect them in the long run).

Question 43

What does the Security Council try to do when nominating the 10 rotating states?

Answer 43

To nominate a state in each region, major regional actors tend to rotate onto the council more often.

Question 44

How does the world view the Security Council?

Answer 44

911 call

Question 45

Security Council is limited? How?

Answer 45

1) The council's decision depends on its interest in the states. 2) Bining in theory, practice often tries to evade or soften.

Question 46

what does the resolution act as? And how does the Security Council use military force?

Answer 46

1) Acts like an outline of what the states should do. 2) Military force to respond to aggression, operates under the state's control, but through the council's command.

Question 47

Who are the rotating states elected by?

Answer 47

General assembly, prepared by informal regional caucuses. (Usually a mix of regions and country size). The main focus is to Keep regional balance the major regional actors tend to rotate in the council more often.

Question 48

How do countries try to win a seat?

Answer 48

1) Producing books 2) Advertisements 3) Memos

Question 49

Extra notes:

Answer 49

1) Both reflect the strength of state sovereignty. 2) Decisions depend entirely on the interests of its members. 3) Security Council resolutions can be enforced in practice ONLY if enough powerful states care about it.