Intro part 1; lobes, functions, history, structures

Question 1

5 levels of Neuro Analysis

Answer 1

Molecular N
Cellular N
Systems N
Behavioural N
Cognitive N

Question 2

Which level of Neuroscience focuses on molecule - molecule interactions? (such as protein ints)

Answer 2

Molecular

Question 3

What is studied in cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 3

Self-awareness, imagination, and language.

Question 4

Which level of neuroscience focuses on neurons interacting with effector cells?

Answer 4

Cellular

Question 5

Which level of neuroscience integrates systems to study memory formation?

Answer 5

Behavioural

Question 6

What is the focus of systems neuroscience?

Answer 6

Collections of cells forming circuits

Question 7

At what level are mutations easiest to pinpoint?

Answer 7

Molecular
( as levels get higher its harder to pinpoint. )

Question 8

What are examples of movement that are studied at the Motor Behaviour level

Answer 8

Sitting, Walking, Running

Question 9

What does the study of Motor Control focus on?

Answer 9

Neural, Physiological, and Behavioural aspects of movement

Question 10

What is Motor Control to Motor Behaviour?

Answer 10

the “how to” of motor behaviour
(the plan that nervous system creates)

Question 11

-Nervous system’s “Plan”
-Strategy of neuron activation

Answer 11

Motor Control

Question 12

Where in the brain is the Motor Action Planning associated?

Answer 12

Frontal Cortex

Question 13

What is the role of Upper Motor Neurons?

Answer 13

Contribute to Motor Action Planning
- Found in Brain

Question 14

What is the role of Lower Motor Neurons?

Answer 14

Contribute to Action Execution
- Found in Spinal Cord

Question 15

What influences changes in Motor Behaviour?

Answer 15

Growth, Maturation, Experience

Question 16

What are 2 aspects of Motor Memory?

Answer 16

Neural-based Learning
&
Muscle Structure Adaptation

Question 17

How does the nervous system learn in Motor Memory

Answer 17

Through Neural (based ) Adaptation

Question 18

What happens to muscles during repetitive activity in motor memory?

Answer 18

They Upregulate proteins based on stimulus

Question 19

What type of disorder is Schizophrenia?

Answer 19

Cognitive disorder affecting thoughts an behaviour

Question 20

Which disease is characterized as a type of Dementia?

Answer 20

Alzheimers

Question 21

What part of the brain is affected in Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 21

Basal Ganglia

Question 22

What condition is associated with the Demyelination of Motor Neurons?

Answer 22

ALS

Question 23

What are Brachial Plexopathies commonly caused by?

Answer 23

Sports-Related Stingers?

Question 24

What did Hippocrates identify as the center of sensation and intelligence?

Answer 24

The brain

Question 25

What incorrect assumptions did Aristotle make about the brain and heart?

Answer 25

He thought the heart was the center of intelligence and the brain cooled blood

Question 26

Who deduced the brain’s function from its structure?

Answer 26

Galen

Question 27

What were the major brain parts identified by Galen?

Answer 27

1. The cerebrum (sensory function) 2. The cerebellum (motor function).

Question 28

What did Luigi Galvani demonstrate about muscle activity?

Answer 28

That muscles twitch through electrical stimulation, even without brain activity

Question 29

What type of energy is used for nervous system mode of communication?

Answer 29

Bioelectric energy

Question 30

What are afferent action potentials?

Answer 30

Signals moving toward the CNS

Question 31

What are efferent action potentials?

Answer 31

Signals moving away from the CNS

Question 32

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 32

Storing short-term memory and planning/control of movement

Question 33

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

Answer 33

Somatic sensation and communication with the frontal lobe

Question 34

What does the temporal lobe process?

Answer 34

Hearing, learning, memory, and emotion

Question 35

What is the function of the cervical plexus?

Answer 35

Serves the head and neck

Question 36

Which plexus serves the arms and shoulders?

Answer 36

The brachial plexus

Question 37

Which plexus serves the abdomen, pelvis, and legs?

Answer 37

The lumbosacral plexus

Question 38

What are the 7 main parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 38

Spinal cord, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum

Question 39

What is the role of the spinal cord?

Answer 39

Relays information between the brain and the body

Question 40

What does the cerebellum contain, and what is its function?

Answer 40

Several major tracts (peduncles); it helps coordinate movements and learning of motor skills

Question 41

Which structures make up the brain stem?

Answer 41

Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Question 42

What is the primary function of the pons?

Answer 42

Conveys information about movement from the cerebrum to the cerebellum

Question 43

What does the midbrain regulate?

Answer 43

Eye movements and visual and auditory reflexes

Question 44

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 44

Processes sensory information to the cerebral cortex (e.g., proprioception)

Question 45

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 45

endocrine, ANS, visual functions

Question 46

What are the 3 deep structures of the cerebrum?

Answer 46

Basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdaloid nuclei

Question 47

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 47

Motor Performance; activates skel muscles producing smooth movments

Question 48

What role does the hippocampus play?

Answer 48

Not specified (generally involved in memory and spatial navigation)

Question 49

What is the function of the amygdaloid nuclei?

Answer 49

ANS functions

Question 50

What was the contribution made by Hippocrates?

Answer 50

said that the brain is the centre of sensation and intelligence

Question 51

True or False: neurons are the only cells that generate bioelectricity.

Answer 51

False: muscle cells also do

Question 52

What are Gyri?

Answer 52

Bumps along the brain surface

Question 53

What are Sulci?

Answer 53

small grooves between Gyri

Question 54

What are Fissures?

Answer 54

deep grooves between Gyri

Question 55

If you bump into something, the ___________ lobe communicates it to the __________ lobe, to plan based on that stimulus

Answer 55

Parietal Lobe ; Frontal Lobe (proprioception)

Question 56

What lobe processes how your internal and external environments feel?

Answer 56

Parietal Lobe

Question 57

A network of nerves exiting the spinal cord at 2 different locations is known as what?

Answer 57

Nerve Plexus

Question 58

True or False: Peduncles exist only in the cerebellum.

Answer 58

False: they exist throughout spinal cord

Question 59

What is the purpose of Peduncles?

Answer 59

provides organization, makes functions smoother

Question 60

What part of the brain houses neurons that carry out vital functions (digestion, breathing, heart rate)?

Answer 60

Medulla Oblongata

Question 61

What part of the brain is involved in generating reflexes in response to visual or auditory stimuli?

Answer 61

Midbrain

Question 62

What is the most superficial layer of the Cerebrum known as?

Answer 62

Cerebral Cortex