Intro / Terminology Flashcards by Brianna Dagrain

What’s gross anatomy?

That which can be seen with the naked eye

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What’s histology?

Microscopic anatomy - the study of microscopic tissue structures

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What’s embryology?

Developmental anatomy - The science which deals with the origin and development of an individual organism

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What’s surface anatomy?

Used in clinical / rehabilitation setting, enables the individual to recognize deep anatomical structures from a superficial setting

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What’s the study of anatomy?

Study of the structures of the body and their relationships

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What’s physiology?

Study of the function of the body (at the cellular level)

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What’s physiology?

Study of the function of the body (at the cellular level)

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What’s kinesiology?

Study of muscles and the body in motion

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Systemic approach vs regional approach

Systemic = shared long-term goals across levels
Regional = undertakes a large territorial or geographical unit it as its subject of study

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Appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton

Appendicular = upper and lower extremities, pelvis
Axial skeleton = head, thorax, vertebral column

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What’s the levels of organization?

Chemical level - atoms / molecules (O2, CO2, H2O)
Cellular level - macromolecules (carbs, lipids, etc)
Tissue level - group of similar cells working together
Organ level- heart, lungs, etc.
Systemic level - cardiovascular system ,skeletal system, etc
Organism level - body as a whole

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What are the body systems ?

Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory : cardiovascular and lymphatic
Endurocrine
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive ( urogénital)
Nervous : central and peripheral
Integumentary

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What’s the basic organization?

Body cavities
Dorsal cavity : cranial (brain and meninges) + vertebral (spinal cord, spinal roots)

Ventral cavity : thoracic, abdominal and pelvic

All contain visceral - the soft internal organs of the body

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What is the cranial cavity ?

Formed by cranial bones and contains brain

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What is the vertebral canal?

Formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves

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What is the thoracic cavity?

Chest cavity ; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum

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What is the pleural cavity ?

Each surrounds a lung; the serous membrane of each pleural cavity is the pleura

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What is the pericardial cavity ?

Surrounds the heart; the serous membrane of the pericardial cavity us the pericardium

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What is the mediastinum?

Central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from the sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heat, themes, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels

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What is the abdominopelvic cavity?

Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities

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What is the abdominal cavity?

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine the serous membrane od the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum

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What is the pelvic cavity?

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction.

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What is the anatomical position?

Standing upright, looking forward, feet approximately shoulder width apart, palms of the hands facing forward.

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What is the median plane (mid-sagittal)?

Divides the body into right and left halves. Sagittal and parasagittal are parallel to the mid-sagittal but not equally divided

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What is the frontal plane?

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

What is the transverse plane (horizontal)?

Divided the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

What is the oblique plane?

Divides the cross section at an angle (not a common view)

In front of the body part

Posterior

The back of the body part

Superior

Above or higher than another body part

Proximal

Nearest to the source of attachement or center of the body

Inferior

Below or lower than another body part

Distal

Furthest away from the source of attachement of center fo the body

Cranial

Cephalic - Nearest or towards the head

Caudal

Away from the head (towards the tail end)

Medial

Towards the mid-sagittal plane

Lateral

Away from the mid-sagittal plane

Superficial

Position relative to the body surface (towards the surface)

Deep

Position relative to the body surface (away from the surface)

Intermediate

Between two structures

External

In relevance to the body wall, cavities, or hollow organs

Internal

In relevance to the body wall, cavities, or hollow organs

Flexion

Where the angle of the joint decreases

Extension

Where the angle at the joint increases, and there is a return to the anatomical position

Hyperextension

Where extension continues beyond the anatomical position

Lateral flexion

Lateral bending or side bending

Abduction

Movement away from the midline or the body

Adduction

Movement motards the midline of the body

Rotation

Movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone

Circumduction

Using a common fulcrum (apex) for all movements as in circumscribing a cone

Medial rotation

The interior aspect of the extremity turned inward along its longitudinal axis

Lateral rotation

The anterior aspect of the extremity is turned outward along its longitudinal axis

Upward rotation

Referring to the scapula when the inferior angle moves laterally and up

Downward rotation

Referring to the scapula when the inferior angle moves medially and down

Depression

Lowering a body part

Elevation

Raising a body part

Horizontal abduction (horizontal extension)

Moving from he midline of the body on the horizontal plane

Horizontal abduction (horizontal flexion)

Moving from he midline of the body on the horizontal plane

Retraction

The movement of a part backward

Protraction

The movement of a part forward

Inversion

Rotation of the sole of the four inward

Eversion

RotATION OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT OUTWARD

Dorsiflexion

Flexing of the ankle to raise the toes upwards

Plantarflexion

Flexing of the ankle to point the toes

Pronation

Medial rotation of the forearm on the longitudinal axis

Supination

Lateral rotation of the forearm on the longitudinal axis

Pronation (of the foot)

Ankle eversion, dorsiflexion, and forefoot abduction

Supination (of the foot)

Ankle inversion, plantar-flexion, and forefoot adduction

Prone

Lying horizontal in a face-down position

Supine

Lying horizontal on the back facing up

Intro / Terminology Flashcards

(70 cards)