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Intro to A&P Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of the body structures.

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of how the body structures works.

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3
Q

What is continuous tension?

A

Muscle-fascia

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4
Q

What is discontinuous tension?

A

Bones

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5
Q

What are the 6 levels of Structural organization?

A

Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
System Level
Organismal Level

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of Tissue?

A

Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue

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7
Q

What is an organ?

A

Two or more types of tissue formed together can become an organ.

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8
Q

What are systems?

A

Related organs working together with a common function.

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9
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintenance of a stable condition within the body.
A condition of equilibrium or balance.

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10
Q

What are the 11 systems within the body?

A

Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic & Immune System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System

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11
Q

What are 6 characteristics of the human body?

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Responsiveness
  3. Movement
  4. Growth
  5. Differentiation
  6. Reproduction
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12
Q

What would be some examples of homeostasis efficiency declining with age?

A

Wrinkled Skin, Grey Hair, Loss of Bone Mass, Decreased Muscle Mass, Diminished Reflexes, Menopause ect.

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13
Q

Where is the cranial region?

A

Skull

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14
Q

Where is the cervical region?

A

Neck

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15
Q

Where is the cubital region?

A

Elbow

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16
Q

Where are the carpals?

A

Wrist

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17
Q

Where is the patellar region?

A

Knee

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18
Q

What is the Orbital Region?

A

Eye

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19
Q

Where is the Thoracic Region?

A

Chest

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20
Q

Where is the inaguinal region?

A

Groin

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21
Q

Where are the metacarpals?

A

Hand/Palm

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22
Q

Where is the plantar region?

A

Sole of foot

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23
Q

What is the buccal region?

A

Cheek

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24
Q

Where would I find the axillary region?

A

Armpit

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25
Where is the femoral region located?
Thigh
26
Where are Tarsals?
Ankle
27
Where are the digits/phalanges?
Toes OR Fingers
28
What are the 4 main body cavities?
1. Cranial Cavity 2. Vertebral Cavity 3. Thoracic Cavity (pleural cavity;pericardial cavity;mediastinum) 4. Abdominopelvic Cavity (abdominal cavity;pelvic cavity)
29
What are the 3 components of the Thoracic Cavity?
Pleural Cavity Pericardial Cavity Mediastinum
30
What are the 2 components of the Abdominopelvic Cavity?
Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity
31
What is a function of the cranial cavity?
Formed to protect the brain
32
Give one function of the Vertebral Canal or Foramen
This functions to protect the Spinal Cord
33
What is the Pleural Cavity?
This is a fluid filled space around each lung
34
What is the pericardial cavity?
This is a fluid filled space surrounding the heart.
35
What is the Mediastinal Cavity?
This contains all the thoracic organs, except the lungs.
36
Which organs are in the Abdominal Cavity?
In the superior portion of the Abdominopelvic cavity, there is the Stomach, Spleen, Liver, Gallbladder, Small & most of the Large Intestines.
37
Which organs are contained in the pelvic cavity?
In the inferior portion of the Abdominopelvic Cavity, there is the Urinary Bladder, a portion of the Large Intestine & Reproductive organs.
38
What is a membrane?
A membrane is a thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structures within the body. Some are fluid filled, and double walled.
39
What is the viscera?
The Thoracic cavity and Abdominopelvic cavity which contains all of our organs.
40
In a double walled membrane what are the 2 layers?
Visceral Layer - covering the organs Parietal Layer - lining the cavity walls
41
What is a serous membrane?
A serous member is a slippery layered tissue that does not open to the surface. e.g. pleural membrane, pericardial membrane or peritoneal membrane
42
What is contained in our oral cavity?
Tongue and teeth
43
Part of the upper airways
Nasal Cavity
44
Orbital Cavity
Contains eyeballs, nerves and blood vessels
45
Middle ear cavities
Contain small bones of the ear. Stapes Incus Maleus
46
Synovial cavities
Are within freely moveable joints
47
List the organs of the body
Thyroid Gland Thymus Heart Lungs & Trachea Diaphragm Esophagus stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Small/Large Intestines Kidneys Urinary Bladder Ovaries Uterus Uterine tubes Testes
48
What are the 9 Abdominopelvic Regions?
Left/Right Hypochondriac Region Epigastric Region Left/Right Lumbar Region Umbilical Region Left/Right Inguinal Region Hypogastric Region
49
What are the 4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants?
Right/Left Upper Quadrants Right/Left Lower Quadrants
50
What are some techniques for viewing inside of the body?
X-Rays MRI CT Scan Ultrasound Scanning PET Scan Endoscopy
51
What are some non-invasive diagnostic techniques?
Palpation (gently touching body surfaces) Auscultation (using stethoscope to listen) Percussion (tapping on the body surface with fingertips and listening for echos or sounds)
52
What components make up the Integumentary System?
Skin and associated structures, such as hair, fingernails and toenails, sweat glands and oil glands.
53
What are the functions of the Integumentary System?
Protects body, Helps to regulate body temperature, Eliminates some waste, Helps make Vitamin D, Detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold, Stores fat and provides insulation.
54
What is the Skeletal system composed of?
Bones and joints of the body with their associated cartilages.
55
What are the functions of the Skeletal system?
Support and protect the body, Provides surface area for muscle attachments, Aids in body movement, Houses cells that produce blood cells, Stores minerals and lipids.
56
What makes up the Muscular System?
Specifically, skeletal muscle tissue - muscle usually attached to bones (other muscle tissues include smooth and cardiac)
57
What is the role of the Muscular system?
Participates in body movements, such as walking; maintaining posture, A major source of heat production.
58
What makes up the Nervous System?
The Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves and special sense organs like the eyes and ears.
59
What are the functions of the Nervous System?
Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities, detects changes in body’s internal and external environment, interprets changes and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
60
What are the components of the Endocrine System?
Hormone producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes) and hormone producing cells in several other organs
61
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
Blood, Heart and Blood Vessels
62
What are the functions of the Cardiovascular System?
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels, Bloody carry’s oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and water away from cells, Helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids, Blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels.
63
What are the components of the Lymphatic System and Immunity?
Lymphatic Fluid (or plasma) and lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and tonsils, as well as cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells and others)
64
What are the functions of our Lymph and Immunity Systems
Return proteins and fluid to blood, Carries lipids from Gastrointestinal Tract to blood, Contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes.
65
What are the components of the respiratory system?
The Lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes leading into and out of the lungs.
66
What are the functions of the Respiratory system?
Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air, Helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids, Air flowing out of lungs through vocal chords produces sounds.
67
What are the components of the Digestive System?
Organs of the digestive canal (gastrointestinal tract), a long tube that include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and anus, Also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes such as salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
68
What is the function of the Digestive System?
Achieved physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates solid wastes.
69
What are the components of the Urinary System?
Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder and Urethra
70
What are the Urinary Systems functions?
Produces, stores and eliminates urine. Eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood. Helps maintain acid-base balance of the body fluids. Maintains the bodies mineral balance. Helps regulate the production of red blood cells.
71
What are the components of the Genital System?
Gonads (Testes in males and Ovaries in female) and their associated organs. Uterine tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Clitoris and Mammary glands Or Epididymis, Ductus deferens, Seminal glands, Prostate and Penis
72
What are the functions of the Reproductive systems?
Gonads produces gametes (sperm of oocytes) that unite to form a new organism. Gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes. Associated organs transport and store gametes. Mammary glands produce milk.
73
What organs are contained in the Abdominal Cavity?
Stomach, Spleen, Liver, Gallbladder, Small intestine and most of the Large intestine. The serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum.
74
The pelvic cavity contains
The Urinary Bladder, portions of the Large Intestine and internal organs of Reproduction.
75
The Mediastinum is
The central portion of the Thoracic cavity between the lungs. Extends from the Sternum to the Vertebral column, and from the first Rib to the Diaphragm. Contains the Heart; Thymus; Esophagus; Trachea; and several large blood vessels.
76
What are the 3 parts of the Thoracic Cavity?
Pleural Cavity Pericardial Cavity Mediastinum
77
Pleural Cavity is
A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung.
78
Pericardial Cavity is
A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart.

A&P (3 decks)

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