Intro to ANA

Question 1

Different forms of Anesthesia:

Answer 1

topical, local, regional, general, and surgical

Question 2

Anesthesia:

Answer 2

loss of sensation, loss of sensitivity to pain

Question 3

General Anesthesia:

Answer 3

loss of consciousness

Question 4

Sx Anesthesia:

Answer 4

stage of GA with sufficient pain control to allow Sx

Question 5

Tranquilization:

Answer 5

Drug induced state of calm, reluctant to move but aware of what’s going on

Question 6

Sedation:

Answer 6

Drug induced CNS depression and drowsiness

Question 7

Hypnosis:

Answer 7

Drug induced sleep-like state, can be aroused with enough stimulation

Question 8

Narcosis:

Answer 8

Drug induced sleep like state, not easily aroused. Narcotics are used here

Question 9

Local Anesthesia:

Answer 9

Loss of sensation in a small area of the body

Question 10

Topical Anesthesia:

Answer 10

Local anesthesia applied on a area of the body, Sx site, or traumatic wound

Question 11

Regional Anesthesia:

Answer 11

Targets a large area of the body. Ex. Epidurals, nerve blocks

Question 12

Premed

Answer 12

given 15-20 minutes before induction

Question 13

Balanced Anesthesia:

Answer 13

Giving multiple drugs in smaller doses, AKA Multimodal therapy

Question 14

for cats

Answer 14

Dexmedetomidine (sedative), Buprenorphine (opioid), and Midazolam (muscle relaxant)

Question 15

for dogs

Answer 15

Dexmedetomidine (sedative), Hydromorphine (opioid), and Midazolam (muscle relaxant)

Question 16

Anesthetic agent:

Answer 16

any drug that induces loss of sensation with or without consciousness

Question 17

Adjunct:

Answer 17

not a true anesthetic, used during anesthesia to produce other effects such as muscle relaxation and sedation

Question 17

Agonists:

Answer 17

Binds to a receptor and causes and effect

Question 18

Antagonists

Answer 18

binds but does not stimulate the receptor (ex. Reversals)

Question 19

Partial Agonists:

Answer 19

binds to and partially stimulates the receptor

Question 20

Agonist-Antagonist:

Answer 20

Binds to more than one receptor type, simultaneously stimulates one and blocks another

Question 21

Controlled drugs

Answer 21

Benzodiazepines, Dissociatives, Barbiturates, Opioids

Question 22

Why do we use premed:

Answer 22

-To calm an excited, frightened, or vicious animal
-Minimize adverse effects of concurrently administered drugs
-reduce dose of administered agents
-produce smoother anesthetic inductions and recoveries
- decrease pain and dicomfort before, during, and after surgery
-produce muscle relaxation
Anticholinergics: parasympatholytic
-Prevents bradycardia

Question 23

Vagus nerve:

Answer 23

often stimulated during ET tube placement

Question 24

Vagus nerve stimulation results in parasympathetic effects:

Answer 24

-bradycardia -bronchoconstriction -excess saliva and lacrimation -increase in raspatory secretion -increased GI motility -miosis

Question 25

Phenothiazines

Answer 25

protect against cardiac arrythmias and anti-emetic properties

Question 26

Alpha-2-Agonists

Answer 26

Better analgesics but can cause vomiting

Question 27

Alpha-2-Agonists and Benzodiazepines

Answer 27

good muscle relaxants

Question 28

Acepromazine

Answer 28

Tranquilizer

Question 29

Benzodiazepines

Answer 29

Controlled drugs- Midazolam and Diazepam

Question 30

Important properties: Benzodiazepines

Answer 30

muscle relaxations -anti- convulsant -appetite stimulant May cause dysphoria Unreliable sedation Very soluble in plastic

Question 31

Diazepam:

Answer 31

not water soluble -combine only with ketamine -Only give IV -Drug of choice for seizing cats -Does not provide pain control

Question 32

Midazolam:

Answer 32

water soluble -Can be given IV or IM -Popular for exotics

Question 33

Alpha-2 Agonists:

Answer 33

Not controlled drugs -Used for sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation -Reversable: Alpha-2 Antagonist -Dexmedetomidine (Dexdomitor), xylazine, detomidine, and romifidine -Most reliable when given IV or IM

Question 34

Xylazine:

Answer 34

Cattle are very sensitive, they receive 1/10 the dose that horses receive

Question 35

Alpha-2 Antagonists

Answer 35

Yohimbine, tolazoline, and atipamezole

Question 36

Atipamezole:

Answer 36

reverses Dexmedetomidine (antisedan reverses dexdomitor)