Intro to anaesthesia Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is reversible controlled anesthesia?
Drug induced intoxication of CNS in which the patient neither perceives or recalls noxious or painful stimuli
This definition emphasizes the temporary nature of the anesthesia and the lack of awareness during the procedure.
What characterizes controlled and reversible anesthesia?
Drug induced unconsciousness characterized by controlled and reversible depression of CNS sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation if required
This type of anesthesia is crucial for surgical procedures requiring intubation.
Define the term ‘reversible’ in the context of anesthesia.
A reversible iatrogenic state characterized by unrousable, unconscious and reflex depression
This definition highlights the induced state of anesthesia and its recoverable nature.
What are the three elements required for general anesthesia according to the Liverpool Triad?
- Hypnosis
- Analgesia
- Muscle relaxation
The Liverpool Triad provides a framework for achieving effective general anesthesia.
What additional elements are included in the expanded Liverpool Triad?
- Suppression of reflexes (motor and autonomic)
- Unconsciousness
- Amnesia
These elements are essential for comprehensive anesthesia management.
What is balanced anesthesia?
Combination of different drugs, each with a specific effect to produce desired objective
Balanced anesthesia allows for the use of lower doses of each drug, minimizing side effects.
List the goals of anesthesia.
- Remove normal reflexes (motor and autonomic)
- Muscle relaxation
- Amnesia
- Balanced anesthesia/multimodal anesthesia
Each goal contributes to the overall effectiveness and safety of anesthesia.
What are the types of anesthesia?
- Local anaesthetic (topical, infiltration)
- Regional anaesthesia (peripheral nerve block, ganglion/plexus block, epidural, spinal, IV regional)
- General anaesthesia (total inhalational, balanced, total IV)
Different types of anesthesia are chosen based on the surgical procedure and patient needs.
What is the significance of regional anesthesia in small animals?
Regional local anaesthetic techniques reduce the amount of iso needed
This technique is particularly useful in procedures like dental work.
What are the stages of anesthesia characterized by Guedel?
- Stage 1: Voluntary excitement
- Stage 2: Involuntary excitement
- Stage 3: Surgical anaesthesia
- Stage 4: Loss of all reflexes
These stages help in understanding the progression of anesthesia and its effects.
What risk factors can affect anesthesia-related fatalities?
- Age
- Duration of surgery/anaesthesia
- Type of operation
- Time procedure was undertaken
- Drugs and anaesthetic agent
- Species
- Breed
- Health status
- Competency of surgeon, anaesthetist, nursing
Understanding these factors is crucial for minimizing risks during anesthesia.
What percentage of anesthesia-related deaths occur during the post-operative period?
81%
This statistic highlights the importance of monitoring patients after surgery.
What is Level 1 monitoring in anesthesia?
- Observation of reflexes
- Assessment of muscle tone
- Respiration (depth and rate)
- MM colour
- HR, rhythm, strength of pulse, CRT
- Temperature
Basic monitoring is essential for all animals under anesthesia.
What is included in Level 2 monitoring?
- Arterial blood pressure measurement (direct or indirect)
- ECG
- Pulse OX
- Capnography
- Urine output
- BG
- PVC/Protein
This level of monitoring is recommended for some or all patients to ensure safety.
What is the highest risk species during anesthesia?
Horses
Horses have a significant perioperative mortality rate, particularly during recovery.
What are some specific risks associated with cats during anesthesia?
- Small size
- Laryngospasm
- Mask complications
- Poor renal cleaning capacity
These factors necessitate careful consideration when anesthetizing cats.
Fill in the blank: The mortality rate for apparently healthy horses during perioperative care is approximately _______.
[1%]
This statistic underscores the importance of careful monitoring and management.
What are some challenges associated with rabbit anesthesia?
- Sensitive GIT
- Cannot starve
- Difficult to intubate
- Poor vascular access (ear vein)
These challenges require specialized techniques and knowledge.
What is a characteristic of bird anesthesia?
Sensitive respiratory system, difficult intubation
These traits require careful handling during anesthesia.
