Intro to anatomy

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

Standing upright. Head and feet directed forwards. Arm adjacent to side with palms facing forward. Legs close together with feet parallel. Penis erect

Question 2

Median plane

Answer 2

A vertical plane passing through the middle of the body dividing it into right and left halves.

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

Vertical planes which are parallel to the median plane

Question 4

Paramedian plane

Answer 4

A plane parallel and near the median plane

Question 5

Transverse plane

Answer 5

Horizontal planes that pass through the body at a right angle to the median and frontal plane, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower parts)

Question 6

Regional anatomy

Answer 6

Considers the body organised into segments and parts

Question 7

Systemic anatomy

Answer 7

Body as organised in organ systems

Question 8

Surface anatomy

Answer 8

information about structures that can be observed or palpated

Question 9

Radiographic, sectional and endoscopic anatomy

Answer 9

Appreciation of structures in living people as its affected by muscle tone, body fluid, pressure and gravity

Question 10

Superior

Answer 10

direction nearest the top of the body

Question 11

Cranial

Answer 11

towards the head

Question 12

Inferior

Answer 12

direction towards sole of feet

Question 13

Caudal

Answer 13

Towards feet

Question 14

Rostral

Answer 14

Used instead of anterior when describing parts of the brain

Question 15

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 15

towards back of the body

Question 16

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 16

towards the front of the body

Question 17

Medial

Answer 17

Near the median plane of the body

Question 18

Lateral

Answer 18

Location farthest away from the median plane

Question 19

Superficial, intermediate, deep

Answer 19

the position of structures relative to the surface of the body i.e. skin is superficial, muscles are intermediate, bone is deep.

Question 20

External

Answer 20

Farther away from the centre of an organ or cavity, independent of direction

Question 21

Internal

Answer 21

Closer to the centre of an organ or cavity, independent of direction

Question 22

Proximal and distal

Answer 22

When contrasting positions nearer to or farther from the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a linear structure, E.g. The fingers are distal to the wrist, which is distal to the elbow, which is distal to the shoulder.

Question 23

Dorsum

Answer 23

The superior aspect of any body part that protrudes from the body, such as the dorsum of the foot. It is also used to describe the posterior surface of the hand, opposite the palm.

Question 24

Unilateral

Answer 24

One side

Question 25

Bilateral

Answer 25

Two sides

Question 26

Ipsilateral

Answer 26

Same side of the body

Question 27

Contralateral

Answer 27

Opposite sides of the body

Question 28

Flexion

Answer 28

Bending or decreasing the angle between parts of the body

Question 29

Extension

Answer 29

Straightening or increasing the angle between parts of the body

Question 30

Dorsiflexion

Answer 30

Flexing of the ankle joint i.e. walking uphill

Question 31

Plantarflexion

Answer 31

Bending foot and toe towards the ground, i.e. standing on your toes

Question 32

Elevation

Answer 32

Moving a body part in the superior direction

Question 33

Deppresion

Answer 33

Moving a body part in the inferior direction

Question 34

Eversion

Answer 34

Rotating the ankle so that the sole of the foot points away from the other

Question 35

Inversion

Answer 35

Rotating the ankle so the sole of the foot points towards the other.

Question 36

Abduction

Answer 36

Moving a limb away from the medial line, for fingers this would mean spreading them apart

Question 37

Adduction

Answer 37

Moving a limb towards the centre line of the body, for fingers and toes this would mean bringing the spread of digits together

Question 38

Pronation

Answer 38

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces down if the forearm is flexed. Means lowering the medial margin of the foot i.e. flat feet

Question 39

Supination

Answer 39

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces up if the forearm is flexed. Means raising the medial margin of the foot

Question 40

Refraction

Answer 40

Posterior movement of the arm at the shoulder, towards the back of the body

Question 41

Protraction

Answer 41

Anterior movement, towards the front of the body, of the arm at the shoulder

Question 42

Lateral flexion

Answer 42

Bending the spine to the side away from the medial line of the body

Question 43

Opposition

Answer 43

moving the pad of your thumb towards another digit

Question 44

Reposition

Answer 44

Moving your thumb from opposition to its normal position.

Question 45

Protusion

Answer 45

Movement of chin, lips and tongue forwards

Question 46

Retrusion

Answer 46

Movement backwards of chin, lips and tongues

Question 47

Circumduction

Answer 47

Circular movement involves sequential flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction.

Question 48

Rotation

Answer 48

Moving a part of the body around its longitudinal axis, medial rotation brings the limb closer to the median plane and lateral (external) rotation takes it away