Intro to Anesthesia

Question 1

What came first, surgery or anesthesia?

Answer 1

Surgery

Question 2

What gas was synthesized first? (1772)

Answer 2

Nitrous oxide

Question 3

Humphrey Davy was a dentist that discovered N2O had ____

Answer 3

Analgesic properties

Question 4

In ___, William Morton, Boston dentist noticed breathing ___ created ____

Answer 4

1846 William Morton noticed breathing ether created euphoric effects (ether frolics)

Question 5

Morton was known for the ____

Answer 5

Ether dome (successfully administered ether at Mass General)

Question 6

Evolution of general anesthesia… what came first and what came last?

Answer 6

Morphine (1803)
Precedex (1999)

Question 7

____ was coined the “mother of anesthesia”

Answer 7

Alice Magaw (worked for Dr. Mayo)

Question 8

Which CRNA founded the National Association for Nurse Anesthetists (later becoming AANA)

Answer 8

Agatha Hodgins (1931)

Question 9

Anesthesia is defined as the state that incorporates ___, ___, and ___

Answer 9

Amnesia
Analgesia
Narcosis (Unconsciousness)

Question 10

Anesthetics produce effects on 4 anatomic structures in the CNS…

Answer 10

1. Spinal cord
2. Brainstem
3. Hypothalamus
4. Cerebral cortex

Question 11

Respiratory depression, obstruction and muscular paralysis led to the need for ___

Answer 11

Airway management

Question 12

Airway management led to the development of ___

Answer 12

PACUs and ICUs

Question 13

ABA (American Board of Anesthesiology) defines anesthesiology by the ___

Answer 13

Assessment of consultation for, and preparation of patients for anesthesia

Question 14

3 types of anesthesia providers:

Answer 14

1. Anesthesiologist
2. CRNA (can practice w/o supervision of ologist)
3. AA (masters degree, cannot practice w/o supervision)

Question 15

CRNAs provide _____ care (pre, intra and post)

Answer 15

Perioperative

Question 16

3 types of anesthesia:

Answer 16

1. General
2. Neuraxial & regional
3. MAC (monitored anesthesia care)

Question 17

Type of anesthesia where drug induced reversible depression of the CNS (LOSS OF RESPONSE AND PERCEPTION OF EXTERNAL STIMULI)

Answer 17

General

Question 18

Components of general anesthesia: (5)

Answer 18

Unconsciousness
Amnesia
Analgesia
Immobility
Attenuation of autonomic response to noxious stimuli

Question 19

MAC refers to

Answer 19

Monitored Anesthesia Care

Question 20

Preoxygenation is also used as ___

Answer 20

Denitrogenation

Question 21

Preoxygenation provides a ___

Answer 21

Margin of safety

Question 22

Most dangerous risk of MAC is ___

Answer 22

Respiratory depression from excessive sedation

Question 23

3 examples of respiratory depression from excessive sedation:

Answer 23

1. Upper airway obstruction
2. Hypoventilation
3. Hypoxemia

Question 24

Regional anesthesia is good in pts with ___

Answer 24

Systemic disease (general anesthesia may not be optimal)

Question 25

Neuraxial anesthesia is excellent for ____ and ___

Answer 25

Lower extremities and lower abdomen (epidural/spinal)

Question 26

Choice of anesthetic technique is determined by:

Answer 26

Type of procedure, pt's coexisting diseases, pt preference

Question 27

ASA Closed Claim study proves that injury severity is comparable between

Answer 27

MAC and general anesthesia

Question 28

Regional anesthesia is often used for

Answer 28

Post-op pain control

Question 29

Personal responsibility of every CRNA to adhere to professional ethical standards

Answer 29

CODE OF ETHICS

Question 30

Determined by state/federal laws and facility policy

Answer 30

SCOPE OF PRACTICE

Question 31

Minimal standards required of every CRNA from any perioperative settings

Answer 31

STANDARDS FOR PRACTICE

Question 32

Key factor in patient injury prevention is

Answer 32

Vigilance