Intro to ANS Flashcards
Typically, sympathetic stimulation is catabolic, meaning
fight or flight
Typically, Parasympathetic stimulation is anabolic, meaning
normal function and energy conservation (rest and digest)
the parasympathetic nervous system has a limited distrubution, meaning they are located in
head, neck, trunk viscera
NEVER in the body wall or extremities
The sympathetic nervous system distributes to
all vascular areas of the body
Glandular secretion is stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system (except sweat glands) and can indirectly decrease
glandular secretion through vasoconsitriction
vasoconstriction is sympathetically stimulated except
coronary A.
Sympathetic Division (T1-L2)
Visceral distribution
sympathetic innervation to visceral structures; organs of the trunk
(heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, GI, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, reproductive organs)
Sympathetic Division (T1-L2)
Visceral Distribution
Presynaptic Fibers (short)
cell bodies exist in the lateral horn
Always travel in Anterior Root
Always travel into Anterior Ramus
Quickly exit ramus and enter Paravertebral Ganglia
Sympathetic Division (T1-L2)
Visceral Distribution
Synaptic Options: Presynaptic Fibers can enter the Paravertebral Ganglion and
- synpase onto a Postsynaptic Neuron in the same spinal level
- ascend or descend to synapse on a Postsynaptic Neuron on a different spinal level
- exit without synapsing and continue on through an Abdominopeolvic Spanchnic nerve on its way to a postsynaptic Neuron in a Prevertebral Ganglion
Sympathetic Division (T1-L2)
Visceral Distribution
Postsynaptic Fibers (long)
Cell bodies in the Paravertebral Ganglia
linked vertically to form sympathetic trunks on either side of the vertebral column.
Three Ganglion also exist in the Cervical, Lumbar, and Pelvic Regions
Sympathetic Division (T1-L2)
Visceral Distribution
Postsynaptic Fibers (long)
Cell bodies existing as Prevertebral ganglia
Prevertebral Ganglia include the ganglia and corresponding plexuses surrounding the main unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta
- Celiac Ganglia
- Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
- Aorticorenal Ganglion
- Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
Parietal Distribution
sympathetic innervation to smooth muscles of the skin, blood vessles and sweat glands.
Parietal Distribution
Presynaptic Fibers (short)
Cell bodies exist in the lateral horn
Always travel in the Anterior Root
Always Travel into the Anterior Ramus
Quickly exit ramus and enters Paravertebral Ganglia
Parietal Distribution
Synaptic options
For Trunk Distrubtion, Presynaptic fibers enter
the paravertebral ganglion and synapse onto a postsynaptic neuron in the same spinal level
Parietal Distribution
Synaptic Options
For head, neck and upper extremity distribution, presynaptic fibers enter
the Paravertebral ganglion at their own level then ASCEND to synapse on a postsynaptic neuron in the cervical sympathetic trunk
Parietal Distribution
Synaptic Options
For perineum and lower extremity distributions, presynaptic fibers enter the
Paravertebral ganglion at their own level then DESCEND to synapse on a postsynaptic neuron in the abdominal and sacral sympathetic trunk
Parietal Distribution
Postsynaptic Fibers (long)
- Cell bodies exist in the
- Postsynaptic Fibers exit the
- Paravertebral Ganglia
- Paravertebral Ganglion via Gray Rami Comminucantes back into the somatic nerve
Parietal Distribution
Postsynaptic fibers (long)
Trunk Distribution: Trunk
postsynaptic fibers follow the posterior rami of the spinal nerves to innervate the smooth muscle and sweat glands of the back.
Parietal Distribution
Postsynaptic Fibers (long)
Trunk Distribution: Anterior and Lateral Trunk
Postsynaptic fibers follow the anterior rami of the spinal nerves, which for the trunks are the: Intercostal, Thoracoabdominal and Subcostal Ns to innervate smooth muscle and sweat glands of the thoracic and abdominal body wall.
Parietal Distribution
Postsynaptic Fibers (long)
Head, Neck and Upper Extremity Distribution: Head and Face
Postsynaptic fibers follow carotid N and enter the carotid periarterial plexus to innervate smooth muscle and sweat glands of the head and face
Parietal Distribution
Postsynaptic Fibers
Head, Neck, and Upper Extremity Distribution: Posterior Neck
Postsynaptic fibers follow the posterior rami of the spinal nerves, such as the suboccipital, greater and leas occipital Nerves to innervate the smooth muscle and sweat glands of the posterior neck
Parietal Distribution
Postsynaptic Fibers (long)
Head, Neck, and Upper Extremity Distribution: Anterior Neck and Upper Extremity
Postsynaptic Fibers follow the anterior Rami of the spinal nerves, which for the anterior neck make up the cervical plexus of nerves and for the upper extremity to make up the brachial plexus of nerves to ineervate the smooth muscle and sweat glands of the anterior neck and UE.
Parietal Distribution
Postsynaptic Fibers (long)
Perineum and Lower Extremity Distribution: Butt
Postsynaptic fibers follow the posterior rami of the spinal nerves called cluneal nerves to inervate the smooth muscle and sweat glands of the buttocks
Parietal Distribution
Postsynaptic fibers (long)
Perineum and Lower Extremity Distribution: Lumbar and Sacral
Postsynaptic fibers follow the anterior rami of spinal nerves which make up the lumbar and sacral plexuses to innervate smooth muscles and sweat glands of the perineum and LE
