INTRO TO ANS PCOG PART2

Question 1

All preganglionic fibers are?

Answer 1

CHOLINERGIC

Question 2

All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are?

Answer 2

CHOLINERGIC

Question 3

Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers are?

Answer 3

ADRENERGIC

Question 4

Some sympathetic postganglionic fibers are?
(example: sweatglands)

Answer 4

CHOLINERGIC

Question 5

All preganglionic receptors are?

Answer 5

NICOTINIC

Question 6

PRESS

Answer 6

Preganglionic is Shorter than Postganglionic fiber
Preganglionic, Shorter, Sympathetic

Question 7

A region where communication occurs between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell (muscle cell or glandular cell)

Answer 7

SYNAPSE

Question 8

a nerve cell that carries a nerve impulse towards a synapse

Answer 8

Presynaptic neuron

Question 9

a cell that receives a signal

Answer 9

Postsynaptic neuron

Question 10

2 types of synapse

Answer 10

ELECTRICAL & CHEMICAL

Question 11

____ is the action potentials (impulses) conduct directly between the plasma membranes of adjacent neurons through structures called _____ which contains (connexons)

Answer 11

• ELECTRICAL SYNAPSE
• gap junction

Question 12

the common in visceral smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the developing embryo, and brain

Answer 12

ELECTRICAL SYNAPSE

Question 13

Advantages of Electrical Synapse?

Answer 13

Faster communication & Synchronization

Question 14

the plasma membrane of presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic cell do not touch

Answer 14

CHEMICAL SYNAPSE

Question 15

separates the presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic cells; filled with interstitial fluid

Answer 15

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

Question 16

presynaptic neuron converts an electrical signal (nerve impulse) into a chemical signal

Answer 16

Released Neurotransmitter

Question 17

Postsynaptic cell receives the chemical signal and converts it to an electrical signal

Answer 17

Postsynaptic potential

Question 18

Synaptic delay of about?

Answer 18

0.5 msec

Question 19

What are the general steps in Neurotransmission?

Answer 19

Synthesis
Storage
Release
Fate

Question 20

Fate neurotransmission can be divided into two

Answer 20

A. receptor activation
B. Removal of Neurotransmitter
- diffusion (out to the circulation)
- reuptake (by presynaptic neuron)
- enzymatic degradation

Question 21

How do you synthesis your ACh?

Answer 21

-choline from ECF to neuron terminal via choline transporter (CHT)
-acetyl CoA from mitochondria
-acetyl CoA + choline > ACh via choline acetyltransferase

Question 22

How do you store your ACh?

Answer 22

-from cytoplasm to vesicle via vesicle-associated transporter (VAT)

Question 23

How do you release your ACh?

Answer 23

-Ca influx
-fusion of vesicle and terminal membrane via SNARE proteins
-exocytosis

Question 24

How do receptor activate in your ACh?

Answer 24

-nicotinic receptor (ligand-gated sodium channel)
-muscarinic receptor (G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) )

Question 25

How do you remove your ACh?

Answer 25

-ACh > choline + acetate via acetylcholinesterase -choline reuptake via CHT

Question 26

Proteins that allow the fusion of vesicles and plasma membrane

Answer 26

SNARE PROTEINS

Question 27

Cholinergic receptors

Answer 27

Nicotinic _ mostly loc in autonomic ganglia Muscarinic - parasympathetic nervous system

Question 28

Two types of Nicotinic receptors

Answer 28

Muscle (motor neuron galing ang ACh) and Neuronal (ganglion receptor)

Question 29

Loc of different Muscarinic

Answer 29

M1- nerves M2- Heart nerves, smooth muscle M3- Glands, smooth muscle M4- CNS M5- CNS

Question 30

Loc of different Nicotinic

Answer 30

Nm- Skeletal muscle neuromuscular junction Nn- CNS, postganglionic cell body, dendrites

Question 31

Acetylcholinesterase product

Answer 31

Acetic acid- diffuses out of the synaptic cleft to circulation Choline- recycled via choline transporter to your axon terminal to synthesis ACh

Question 32

how does your norepinephrine synthesize (True love does not exist)

Answer 32

Tyrosine (via tyrosine hydroxylase) > L-dopa (via Dopa decarboxylase) > Dopamine (endpoint in dopaminergic neurons)

Question 33

how does your norepinephrine stored

Answer 33

-Dopamine transported into vesicles by vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) -Dopamine (via dopamine B-hydroxylase) > Norepinephrine (via phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase) > Epinephrine (in adrenal medula)

Question 34

how does your norepinephrine release

Answer 34

-Ca influx -fusion of vesicle and terminal membrane via SNARE proteins -exocytosis

Question 35

how does your norepinephrine receptor activation

Answer 35

-alpha receptor (GPCR) -beta receptor (GPCR) -dopamine receptor (GPCR)

Question 36

how does your norepinephrine removal

Answer 36

-methylated by COMT -oxidized by MAO -reuptake via norepinephrine transporter (net)

Question 37

the neurotransmitters involve in adrenergic neurotransmission

Answer 37

CATECHOLAMINES (catechol group with ethylamine side chain)