INTRO TO ANS PCOL

Question 1

known as nerve cells and has characteristic of excitability

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential

Answer 2

electrical excitability

Question 3

3 parts of neuron

Answer 3

cell body (soma)
dendrites and an axon (nerve fibers)

Question 4

2 types of sensory division

Answer 4

somatic senses
special senses

Question 5

nerves that come out from the brain are called

Answer 5

cranial nerves

Question 6

Central Nervous system is composed of

• CNS main function is integration and the source of thoughts, emotions, and memories

Answer 6

brain and spinal cord

Question 7

involves all nervous tissue outside the CNS

Answer 7

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 8

PNS has nerves/ bundles of axons

Answer 8

12 pairs of cranial nerves from brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves from the spinal cord

Question 9

PNS is divided into 2

Answer 9

sensory (afferent) division
motor (efferent) division

Question 10

conveys input from sensory receptors to CNS and divided into 2 divisions: somatic and special senses

Answer 10

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 11

example of somatic senses

Answer 11

touch, temperature, pain

Question 12

example of special senses

Answer 12

sight, smell, hearing, taste and balance/ equilibrium

Question 13

It conveys output from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)
and had 2 divisions: Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 13

Motor (efferent) division

Question 14

ANS is divided into two or three division

Answer 14

Sympathetic NS - fight or flight responses
Parasympathetic NS - rest and digest activities
Enteric NS - regulate the activity of smooth muscles and glands of the GI tract

Question 15

group of cell bodies or soma is called

Answer 15

ganglion

Question 16

group of axons in PNS is called

Answer 16

nerve

Question 17

cell bodies in the brain is called

Answer 17

nucleus/nuclei

Question 18

2 cell bodies of ANS are found at

Answer 18

• CNS
• autonomic ganglion

Question 19

cell body of somatic nervous system is found at

Answer 19

CNS (spinal cord)

Question 20

2 autonomic motor pathways

Answer 20

-preganglionic neuron
- postganglionic neuron

Question 21

has cell bodies in the CNS (brain or spinal cord)
-axons exit the CNS as cranial nerves or spinal nerves
- small-diameter, myelinated fibers -synapses with postganglionic neuron

Answer 21

preganglionic neuron

Question 22

cell body in the autonomic ganglion
- small diameter, UNMYELINATED fibers
- synapses with visceral effector (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)

Answer 22

postganglionic neuron

Question 23

Preganglionic neurons in SYMPATHETIC divisions have cell bodies in the lateral horns of the —

Answer 23

twelve thoracic and 1st two lumbar segments of the spinal cord (thoracolumbar) (T1 to L2)

Question 24

Preganglionic in PARASYMPATHETIC division have cell bodies in the nuclei of the four cranial nerves in the brainstem —- and in the lateral gray horns of the —-

Answer 24

4 CNs - 3, 7,9,10
horns of the 2nd to 4th sacral segments of the spinal cords (craniosacral)

Question 25

in autonomic ganglion of SYMPATHETIC Division is located at:

Answer 25

sympathetic trunk ganglia (lie lateral to the vertebra and the postganglionic axons innervate organs above the diaphragm) and prevertebral ganglia (lie anterior to the vertebra and the postganglionic axons innervate organs below the diaphragm)

Question 26

in autonomic ganglia of PARASYMPATHETIC Division lies close to or within

Answer 26

the walls of visceral organs

Question 27

the postganglionic fibers in sympathetic are

Answer 27

long and may be many for each preganglionic neuron

Question 28

the postganglionic fibers in parasympathetic division are --

Answer 28

short and few for each preganglionic neuron

Question 29

sweat glands are sympathetic but

Answer 29

cholinergic (neurotransmitter is ACh and the receptor is muscarinic)

Question 30

fight or flight response - dominant during physical or emotional stress - effects are longer lasting and more widespread

Answer 30

sympathetic responses

Question 31

rest and digest response and dominant during period of rest and discovery - reduce body functions that supports physical activity - supports functions that conserve and restore body energy

Answer 31

parasympathetic responses

Question 33

the sympathetic effect of contraction is also known as

Answer 33

mydriasis

Question 34

a region where communication occurs between two neurons or neuron and an effector cell

Answer 34

synapse

Question 35

a nerve cell cell that carries nerve impulse toward a synapse

Answer 35

Presynaptic neuron

Question 36

cell that receives a signal

Answer 36

post synaptic cells

Question 37

Sympa PRESS Para Pre Long

Answer 37

In sympathetic, preganglionic is shorter than postganglionic fiber In parasympathetic, preganglionic is longer than postganglionic fiber

Question 38

all preganglionic fibers are

Answer 38

cholinergic

Question 39

all parasympathetic post ganglionic fibers are

Answer 39

cholinergic

Question 40

(Sympathetic) all preganglionic receptors are

Answer 40

Nicotinic

Question 41

2 types of synapse

Answer 41

electrical chemical

Question 42

action potentials (impulses) conduct directly between the plasma membranes of adjacent neurons through structures called gap junctions (which contains connexons) - no neurotransmitter involved - common in visceral smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and the developing embryo and brain

Answer 42

Electrical synapse

Question 43

advantages of electrical synapse

Answer 43

faster communication and synchronization

Question 44

Plasma membranes of synaptic neurons and postsynaptic cells do not touch

Answer 44

chemical synapse

Question 45

it separates the presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic cells; filled with interstitial fluid' - presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter that diffuses through the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors the postsynaptic neuron

Answer 45

synaptic cleft

Question 46

In chemical synapse, - presynaptic neurons converts an electrical signal (nerve impulse) into a ---

Answer 46

chemical signal (released neurotransmitter)

Question 47

In chemical synapse, - postsynaptic cell receives the chemical signal and converts it to an ---

Answer 47

electrical signal (postsynaptic potential)

Question 48

the synaptic delay in chemical synapse is about ---

Answer 48

0.5 millisecond

Question 49

steps in neurotransmission

Answer 49

synthesis storage release fate (receptor activation or removal of neurotransmitter)

Question 50

3 ways of the removal of neurotransmitter

Answer 50

diffusion - out of circulation reuptake - by presynaptic neuron enzymatic degradation

Question 51

proteins that allow the fusion of vesicles and plasma membrane

Answer 51

snare proteins

Question 52

2 types of snare proteins

Answer 52

v-SNARE and t-SNARE

Question 53

V-snare proteins found in the vesicles and two examples are

Answer 53

synaptotagmin and synaptobrevin

Question 54

t-SNARE are found in the target plasma membrane and two examples are:

Answer 54

syntaxin and SNAP-25

Question 55

cholinoceptors include

Answer 55

nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 56

catechol group with ethylamine side chain

Answer 56

catecholamines

Question 57

adrenergic receptor or adrenoceptors

Answer 57

alpha receptor and beta receptor

Question 58

alpha 1 receptors is dominant for

Answer 58

contraction of vascular smooth muscle and vasoconstriction in aorta and coronaries

Question 59

alpha 2 receptor are dominant as an ---

Answer 59

inhibitory receptor on sympathetic neurons

Question 60

b 1 receptor is involved in heart, kidneys and dominant mediator of positive ---- effects in heart

Answer 60

inotropic and chronotropic

Question 61

b 2 receptor is involved in lungs and responsible for ---

Answer 61

smooth muscle relaxation and skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Question 62

b 3 receptor is involved in adipose tissue, GI tract and heart and have ---

Answer 62

metabolic effects