Intro To Arthrology

Question 1

Uniaxial:
Biaxial:
Multiaxial:

Answer 1

Axis of movement:

• one
• two
• multiple

Question 2

Types of joints:

Answer 2

1. Fibrous -
2. Sutures
3. Syndesmosis
4. Cartilaginous
5. Synovial

Question 3

Fibrous joint:

Answer 3

The degree of movement at joint is determined by the amount of fibrous tissue between the two joint surfaces

Question 4

Sutures:

Answer 4

Skull plates. Limited movement after 2+ years

Question 5

Syndesmosis joint:

Answer 5

Bones connected by sheet of fibrous tissue.

Ex. Forearm bones

Question 6

Cartilaginous joint:

Answer 6

Connected by cartilage or combo w/fibrous tissue.
Ex. Ribs to breastbone

Vertebrae are connected by fibrocartilagenous intervertebral discs

Question 7

Synovial Joint:

Answer 7

3 features:

1. Articular cartilage
2. Joint capsule
3. Joint cavity

Question 8

Articular cavity of synovial joints:

Answer 8

• whitish CT
• protects inferior bone
• absorbs shock
• no nerves or blood
• hyaline cartilage

Question 9

Synovial joint capsule:

Answer 9

• surrounds and lines the joint
• makes synovial fluid within joint
• minimizes friction between joints

Question 10

Synovial joint cavity:

Answer 10

Space between two joint surfaces

Question 11

6 types of synovial joint:

1. Condyloid

Answer 11

• biaxial
• flexión/extensión
• abduction/addiction

Ex. Knuckles

Question 12

6 types of synovial joint:

2. Saddle

Answer 12

• biaxial
• concave/convex articulate together

Ex. Thumb

Question 13

6 types of synovial joint:

3. Ball and socket

Answer 13

• multiaxial

Ex. Hip

Question 14

6 types of synovial joint:

4. Plane

Answer 14

• gliding/sliding movements
• flat surfaces
• uniaxial

Ex. Foot/hand

Question 15

6 types of synovial joint:

5. Pivot

Answer 15

• uniaxial
• rotation

Ex. C1-C2 - Atlas/Axis

Question 16

6 types of synovial joint:

6. Hinge

Answer 16

• uniaxial
• flexión/extensión

Ex. Humeroulnar joint

Question 17

Modified hinge joints:

Answer 17

Jaw and knee b/c they have slight added movements

Question 18

Bursa

Answer 18

Flat sacs filled with synovial fluid-decrease friction of tissue on tissue.

Question 19

Bursa is Located between:

Answer 19

• tendons/bony prominence
• tendons/tendons
• bone/overlying skin

Question 20

Bursa of the pelvis:

Answer 20

1. trochanteric bursae
2. ischiogluteal bursa
3. Iliopectineal bursa

Question 21

Location of Trochanteric Bursae

Answer 21

Superficial: between gluteus Maximus and greater trochanter

Deep: between gluteus media’s and greater trochanter

Question 22

Location of Ischiogluteal bursa:

Answer 22

Overlying is ischial tuberocity

“Weavers bottom”

Question 23

Location of the iliopectineal bursa:

Answer 23

Between iliopsoas muscle and iliopubis eminence

Question 24

Joint: Close-packed position

Answer 24

• flexión/external rotation/abduction
• ligaments and capsule are tight
• maximal articular surfaces
• increased stability/decreased mobility

Question 25

Joint: loose-packed position

Answer 25

- flexión/external rotation/abduction - ligaments/capsule loose - maximal space/movement - increased mobility/decreased stability

Question 26

Hip Joint (coxafemoral)

Answer 26

- head of femur articulates in acetabulum - synovial - multiaxial - ball/socket

Question 27

Head of femur projects:

Answer 27

Medially-superiorly-anteriorly

Question 28

Acetabulum projects:

Answer 28

Laterally-inferiorly-anteriorly

Question 29

Ligaments around the hip joint:

Answer 29

1. Iliofemoral (Y ligament) 2. Pubofemotal 3. Isciofemoral4.

Question 30

Iliofemoral (Y) ligament

Answer 30

- AIIS, acetabular rim - intertrochanteric lone of femur | - checks extension, abduction, lateral rotation

Question 31

Pubofemotal ligament

Answer 31

Superior pubic ramus - iliofemoral ligament - checks abduction

Question 32

Ischiofemoral ligament:

Answer 32

- ischial part of acetabular rim - femoral neck and medial greater trochanter - checks hyerextension

Question 33

Purpose of a ligament:

Answer 33

1. To connect bone to bone 2. To check a movement and prevent excessive movement “Seatbelt” effect 3. Protect from injury