Intro To Basic Conceptd And Definition In Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Drug metabolism takes place in ***

Answer 1

Gi tract
Skin
Lungs
Kidney
Liver

Question 2

Cytochrome p450 accounts for …….. % of phase 1 metabolism of drug

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

90% of cyp450 metabolism of drug is carried out majorly by the following enzymes

Answer 3

Cyp1A2
Cyp2C9
Cyp2C19
2D6
3A4

Question 4

List other enzymes involved in phase 1 of drug metabolism

Answer 4

Monoamine oxidises which metabolises catecholamines
Alcohol dehydrogenase which metabolises alcohol including methanol

Question 5

Metabolism of of alcohol produces toxic substances such as

Answer 5

Formaldehyde

Question 6

The primary method of Microsoft enzyme induction is…………

Answer 6

Transcription

Question 7

Carbamezapine is a substrate and inducer of ………..

Answer 7

CYP 3A4

Question 8

Carbamezapine induces and out 50 %of drugs if coadministered with it like …………..

Answer 8

Rifampicin and saquinavir

Question 9

What are orphan receptors

Answer 9

They are receptors whose ligand is currently unknown

Question 10

List the classes of receptor protein

Answer 10

Regulatory protein( most characterized)
Enzyme( mostly inhibited and less commonly activated)
Transport protein
Structural protein e.g tubulin

Question 11

The transduction process that links drugs occupancy of receptors and pharmalogical response is called

Answer 11

COUPLING

Question 12

The efficiency of occupancy-response
Couplig is determination by

Answer 12

The initial conformational change

Question 13

The degree of spareness of a receptor is…….

Answer 13

The total number of receptors present compared with the number of receptors required to elicit a maximal biological response

Question 14

Transmembrane receptors intracellular domain can be:

Answer 14

Tyrosine kinase
Serine kinase
Guanylyl kinase

Question 15

Transmembrane receptors intracellular domain can be:

Answer 15

Tyrosine kinase
Serine kinase
Guanylyl kinase

Question 16

When clearance is first order it can be calculate by

Answer 16

Calculating area under the curve(AUC)

Question 17

What I’d the half life of a drug

Answer 17

It is time taken to reach 50% of steady-state or decay 50% from steady steady after a change in drug admission

Question 18

Acid drugs and basic drugs are bound to which Plasma protein respectively

Answer 18

Albumin
Alpa 1 acid glycoprotein or lipoprotein

Question 19

Most drugs are between ………. size to…….

Answer 19

250 to 450 Da MW

Question 20

What is pharmacology?

Answer 20

This is the study of substances that react chemically with the body, by binding with a regulatory molecule and brings about a response by activating or inhibiting body response

Question 21

List and explain two drugs that binding through covalent bond

Answer 21

Aspirin
Alkylating agent

Question 22

Describe the the three modes in which a drug receptor bond brings about an effect

Answer 22

D+R stuff

Question 23

What is the constitutive activity of receptors

Answer 23

This the a state in which some receptors remain in the Ra active state and induce physiological response even in the absence of agonist

Question 24

What is intrinsic efficacy?

Question 25

List 5 drug carriers and their importance

Question 26

A weak acid is best described as..........

Answer 26

A neutral molecule that can dissociate into a negatively charged molecule (anion) and a proton

Question 27

Another name for alpa 1 acid glycoprotein is ........

Answer 27

Orosomucoid

Question 28

The common binding site of drugs are ....

Answer 28

Albumin Orosomucoid alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

Question 29

Drugs with zero order metabolism include

Answer 29

Ethanol Phenytoin and Aspirin at high doses