Intro to Bio Chem Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

what is with all this chem?

A
  • all living things are made from the same element
  • obey all laws of physics and chem
  • growth and maintain structure, response to stimuli, reproduction
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2
Q

what is metabolism

A

the sum of chemical reactions to produce energy (ATP) and other products to make life possible

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3
Q

How do thins like digestion, walking and talking happen?

A
  • chemical reactions occur in a controlled way
  • back to basics like cellular resperations and photosynthesis
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4
Q

What is Biochem?

A

the study of chemical process of living organisms

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5
Q

What is intramolecular bond and what are the 6?

A

Ionic, non polar, polar

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6
Q

What is Ionic, non polar and polar bonds?

A

Ionic - electrons are transferred from a non metal atom
Non polar - electrons are equally shared between two non metals
Polar - electros are unequally shared between two non metals

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7
Q

3 types of molecular bonding

A

london forces, dipole dipole forces, hydrogen bond

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8
Q

what is london forces?

A
  • weakest forces
  • formed by unequal distributions of electrons
  • not only the force of attraction between noble gases and molecules
  • small non polar molecules share because of weak attraction to make it hold together
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9
Q

What is dipole dipole forces?

A
  • hold polar molecules together
  • the slightly negative side end is attracted to the slightly positive side
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10
Q

What is hydrogen bond?

A
  • strongest bond
  • occurs between H in a polar molecule and another electronegative N,O and F of a neighboring polar molecule
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11
Q

Acids

A

Acids - donate a proton
- attracted to nearby electrons that are unshared

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12
Q

Bases

A
  • accepts a proton
  • dissaossiates to from a hydroxide ion
    strong bases - ionize directly to OH
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13
Q

Buffers, and why is it needed?

A

helps resist the change in PH of a solution
needed - to help maintain equilibrium and minamilizes changes in concentration
neutralise any acids or bases

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14
Q

Acids in living things
Bases in living things

A

Acids in living things contain the carboxyl group (R - COOH)
Bases in living things contain the Amino group (NH2) and the Bicarbonate ion (HCO3)

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15
Q

Most important buffer in the…

A

human blood and biological solutions are the
carbonic acid (H2CO3) and Bicarbonate ion buffer system (HCO)

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16
Q

Acids added to a solution

A

Increases in H
bicarbonate neutralizes any added acids
takes in an H
HCO3 + H = H2CO3

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17
Q

Bases added to a solution

A

Increases in OH
Carbonic acid neutralizes any added bases
Gives an H
H2CO3 + OH = HCO3 + H2O

18
Q

Biological Fluids

A

Ph = 7.5
smaller than 7.35 acidosis
bigger than 7.45 alkalosis

19
Q

Study of carbon

A
  • carbon forms large and complex molecules
  • rest of the cell if it is not water it is carbon bases
  • molecules that differ living matter are all made from carbon
20
Q

Carbon molecules

A

each carbon is bonded to 4 other atoms it has a tetrahedral shape
BUT when 2 carbon atoms are joined by a double bond the molecules has a flat shape

21
Q

What are the common elements to partner up with?

A

H O N C
building code that makes up living structures

22
Q

What is Carbon skeleton diversity?

A
  • use bonds to form an endless diversity of carbon skeletons
  • carbon chains form skeletons of most organic molecules
23
Q

2 types of formulas of an element

A

Molecular Formula:
Shows the elements and the number of atoms
Structural Formula:
graphic rep of the structure

24
Q

What are isomers?

A

compounds that are the same but different formula and properties

25
3 types of isomers
Structural isomers Geometric isomer Enantiomer
26
What is a Structural Isomer?
they have different covalent arrangements of atoms
27
What is Geometic Isomer?
has to be double bonded to find the same covalent arrangements but different special spatual Cis = the same trans = across
28
What is Enatiomer
mirror images from each other - due to the different spatial arrangements around asymmetrical carbon
29
what is functional groups?
- special groups of atoms that stick together attached to a carbon skeleton - number and arrangement of functional groups will give each molecule its unique property
30
What is a linkage?
- the functional group of organic molecules that react together to link themselves into large molecules
31
what is dehydration synthesis?
or known as condensation reaction - the process of forming linkages by a water molecule is removed
32
What are the 3 types of linkage?
ether linkage, peptide linkage and ester linkage
33
what is ether linkage?
reaction between two OH groups
34
What is peptide linkage?
reaction between amino group and carboxyl group
35
What is Esther linkage?
reaction between carboxyl and hydroxyl group
36
Hydroxyl formula, name and found in
R-OH Alcohol Found in sugars, polar
37
Carbonyl
R - C = O - H Adlehyde Found in sugars, polar R - C = O - R ketone
38
Carboxyl
R - C = O - OH carboxylic acid Found in amino acids acts as a buffer and is a proton donor
39
Amino
R - N - H - H R - N - H - H - H Amines Found in amino acids acts as a buffer and is a proton donor
40
Sulfhydro
R - SH Thiols forms disulfite bridges found in proteins