Intro to Biology and Biochemistry

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

Subunits that serve as the building blocks of polymers.

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Large molecules that are formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by dehydration reactions.

Question 3

Function and Structure of Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Serves as energy storage

hexagon/pentagon shape/ strand

Question 4

Function and Structure of Lipids

Answer 4

Serves as energy storage, forms cell membranes, chemical messengers, protection/insulation

Rectangular glycerol, 3 fatty acid strands on one side.

Question 5

Function and Structure of Nucleic Acids

Answer 5

Carries genetic information to make proteins

One pentagonal sugar, one base connected to the sugar, and one Phosphate group connected to the sugar.

Question 6

Function and Structure of Proteins

Answer 6

Storage, transport regulatory, movement structural enzymes

Long bands of amino acids that are made of carbon that connect to hydrogen, a carboxyl group, and a side chain.

Question 7

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 7

The creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released.

Question 8

Hydrolysis

Answer 8

Any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.

Question 9

Organic Compounds

Answer 9

Molecules that have groups of carbon. Include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 10

Macromolecules

Answer 10

A molecule containing a very large amount of atoms. Include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

A group of macromolecules that include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Each gives a certain amount of energy, with polysaccharides having the highest. CHO

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

A group of macromolecules. Not a polymer, not one distinct shape. saturated fatty acids have only single bonds on their ‘tails,’ and unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that bend the tails. Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature, and unsaturated ones are liquid. They float on water. CHO

Question 13

Nucleic Acids

Answer 13

A group of macromolecules that include DNA and RNA. CHONP

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

A group of macromolecules. Also known as polypeptides. CHON

Question 15

Enzymes

Answer 15

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions by decreasing activation energy. They are specific to one molecule, mostly end in -ase, and are catalysts.

Question 16

Substrates

Answer 16

A reactant that binds to an enzyme.

Question 17

Active Site

Answer 17

The spot on an enzyme where the substrate connects and the chemical reaction occurs.

Question 18

Products

Answer 18

Lactose gets broken down into galactose and glucose

Question 19

Lactase Lab

Answer 19

Lactose causes people without the lactase enzyme to have a negative reaction. This could include stomach pains, rash, stomach cramps.

Question 20

Properties of Water

Answer 20

Cohesion: Water sticks to other water molecules

Adhesion: Water sticks to other objects

Surface Tension: The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, because of its cohesion and adhesion.

Capillary Action: Water can be pushed up through a tube without the need for gravity because of its cohesion and adhesion

Universal Solvent: Every polar molecule dissolves in water

Density: Water is denser when it is liquid than when it is frozen.

High Specific Heat: Needs a higher amount of energy for it to change the temperature. Heat has to be absorbed to break hydrogen bonds.

pH Scale: Water can change in acidity due to the amount of H+ molecules.