Intro To Cardiac

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

Middle of the mediastinum of thoracic cavity

Question 2

What is the pericardium

Answer 2

Outer most tissue of the heart
Forms pericardial sac

Question 3

2 layers of the pericardium

Answer 3

Fibrous (anchors heart to diaphragm)
Serous (inner epicardium, outer parietal) potential space between two filled by lubricant

Question 4

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart made of?

Answer 4

Collagen rings around the atrio-ventricular

Question 5

Role of fibrous skeleton

Answer 5

Prevent impulses from atria to ventricles

Anchors valve cusps

Question 6

Types of valvular disease

Answer 6

Stenosis-not opening
Leak-regurg
Infected - endocarditis

Question 7

How many pulmonary veins?

Answer 7

4 return oxygenated blood to LA from lungs

Question 8

Coronary arteries?

Answer 8

RCA and LCA

LCA splits into LAD and circumflex

Question 9

What aids effective cardiac perfusion

Answer 9

High capillary to cardiocyte ratio
Short diffusing distance

Question 10

Where do cardiac veins drain

Answer 10

Directly into RA via coronary sinus

Question 11

When does cardiac perfusion occur

Answer 11

Mainly during diastole as contraction during systole cause vessels to compress

Question 12

What happens to people with CAD who are tachy

Answer 12

Lower perfusion as less time in diastole, requires beta blockers

Question 13

Where are myocites/cardiocytes connecting

Answer 13

At intercolated disks

Question 14

Role of intercalated disks

Answer 14

Connect cardiocytes to each other through gap junctions and desmosones

Question 15

Types of cardiomyopathy

Answer 15

Hypertrophic
Restrictive
Arrhythmogenic RV
Cardiac amyloidosis

Question 16

Amyloidosis

Answer 16

Causes restrictive cardiomyopathy as amyloid proteins make myocardium stiff.

Thus diastolic dysfunction meaning ventricles cannot fill