Intro to Cells

Question 1

cytology

Answer 1

the study of cells

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

building blocks of living things

Question 3

composition of body cells (98% from 4 elements)

Answer 3

1. carbon
2. hydrogen
3. oxygen
4. nitrogen

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

the control center & contains genetic material (DNA)

Question 5

plasma (cell membrane)

Answer 5

-phospholipid bi-layer w/ hydrophilic heads & hydrophobic tails
-contains proteins & lipids (fats)
-microvilli - projections that increase surface area for better absorption

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

material outside nucleus & inside plasma membrane; contains organelles

Question 7

cilia

Answer 7

-cellular projection (not found in all cells)
-move materials across the cell surface
-located in the respiratory system to move mucus

Question 8

flagella

Answer 8

-cellular projection (not found in all cells)
-propel the cell
-only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm

Question 9

mitochondria

Answer 9

powerhouse of the cell, where chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP

Question 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

network of tubes & flattened sacs, formed by membranes, that is distributed throughout the cytoplasm
-sites for protein synthesis, cell membrane components, hormones

Question 11

golgi apparatus

Answer 11

sets of smooth membranes that form flattened, fluid-filled sacs that are stacked
-involved in modifying, sorting, & packaging proteins for delivery to other organelles or excretion

Question 12

endo- and exocytotic vesicles

Answer 12

important carriers for protein delivery
-exocytosis - secretion
-endocytosis -engulfs

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

membrane-bound vesicles contain enzymes capable of digesting natural particles, damaged organelles & bacteria brought into the cell via endcytosis

Question 14

cytoskeleton

Answer 14

consists of arrays of protein filaments that form networks within the cytosol, giving the cell its shape
-provides basis for movement of entire cell