Intro To Chemistries Flashcards
(36 cards)
Tests for hepatocellular leakage
ALT, AST, SDH, LDH, GLDH
Tests for cholestasis
GGT, SAP, Bilirubin
Liver prod.
Albumin, urea, glucose
Substances excreted or dependent on hepatic uptake
Bilirubin, bile acids, ammonia, cholesterol
Tests for glomerular disease
BUN, creatinine, serum protein & albumin
Tests for glomerular and/or tubular disease
Acid/base param, serum Na+, K+, Ca2+, P+, lipids
Test fir exocrine pancreas insuff.
TLR (trypsinogen-like immunoreact.), oral bentiromide
Exocrine pancreatic necrosis/inflamm.
Serum amylase, lipase, BUN, Creat.
Test for endocrine pancreatic disease
Serum glucose
Protein-losing enteropathy test values
Serum total protein, serum albumin
Diarrhea test values
Acid/base param, serum electrolytes, serum Ca2+
GIT Absorptive function test values
Serum folate (prox. small intestine), serum cobalamin (dist. small int), D-xylose absorption, fat absorption
GIT Necrosis test values
LDH
Muscle damage test values
AST, CK (cardiac & skeletal m.)
Skeletal m. Damage test values
Serum ALP, Serum Ca2+ & P+
CNS damage test valve
CK (elevated in csf)
Elevations in serum enzyme activity are caused by
Incr. cell perm., cell death, incr. enzyme prod., excretory route blocked, impaired circ.
Why can enzymes be good cell damage markers
Cell damage can cause an increase in enzyme release into interstitial fluid & serum
Membrane transfer enzymes
- present in low pre-formed lvls
- cell damage -> minor to insignificant elevation
Secretory enzymes
- indirect blood secretion
- enter blood via diffusion/absorption via organ prod/activity site
- usually low serum lvls
- cellular damage can elevate enzyme lvls
What can cause ALT & AST to be decreased
Lack of cofactor pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (active metabolite of vitamin B6)
Are ALT & AST liver specific in dogs?
No
ALT in equine liver cells
Low conc., not significantly elevated w/ hepatocellular damage
Isoenzyme
Enzymatically active proteins catalyzing same rxn is same species, but have diff physiochemical properties
