Intro to CO2 and O2 Physiology Flashcards
(33 cards)
Aquatic animals take up dissolved oxygens using gills. Two prime examples are
Coral reef worms Diving beetles (bubbles)
T or F: Does Oxygen use active transport?
False
How do reefworms transport oxygen?
Elaborate circulatory system filled with blood rich in hemoglobin oxygen transport pigment. As blood flows through gill tentacles, oxygen enters blood via passive diffusion.
How do diving beetles transpot oxygen?
Use a bubble that serves as a gill. While submerged, oxygen moves steadily into the bubble. Oxygen is distributed to cells by entering tracheal system
What are the respiratory gases?
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
How do respiratory gases move?
Via simple diffusion and convection (bulk flow)
Chemical potential dictates that
- A solute diffuses from high to low conc.
2. Rate of diffusion is proportional to its difference in concentration between regions
What is the Law of Partial Pressures?
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of individual pressures exerted by each of the several component gases in the mixture; expressed as a fraction
What is the universal gas law?
Calculates partial pressure of each gas in a mixture
PV=nRT
Partial pressure and concentration of any gas are simply proportional to each other at ____
any given T
Air with oxygen at 0.21 atm and oxygen-free water, what will happen?
Oxygen will dissolve in water to reach equilibrium
Partial pressure of oxygen in aqueous solution will be 0.21 atm
What is Henry’s law?
Relates partial pressure and concentration in aqueous solutions.
Cx=APx
(Cx- dissolved conc of gas, A-absorpion coefficient, Px- partial pressure)
Henry’s law only works if
- Solubilities of the gases are different
- Solubility of gases in aqueous solution decrease with inc water temp
- Solubility decreases with increasing salts
If you have a gas mixture with uniform temperature and uniform salinity (salts) what will happen?
Gas will diffuse from both high to low partial pressure and high to low concentration
How do scuba divers regulate pressures?
Scuba air regulator ensures air in lungs is at pressure equal to environmental water pressure at that depth
If a scuba diver rises too quickly, what happens?
High N2 partial pressure will force macroscopic bubbles to form in blood
True or false: Gases diffuse slower in gas than in aqueous solutions
False. They diffuse faster.
How large of a distance must exist for diffusion in water to meet O2 requirements of living tissues
< 1 mm
Why don’t you want water in your lungs?
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs creates a small diffusion distance that is tolerable with water present
How do sea turtle eggs work?
Eggs are buried deep into the sand and rely on O2 diffusion through sand. If eggs are buried too close to shore and become submerged in water before hatching, the eggs will die.
How do Anchovy Larvae work?
They have an undeveloped circulatory system and depend on O2 diffusion from body surfaces. They will die if there is low O2 in the water.
How does hemoglobin effect diffusion rate?
When O2 diffuses from environment to blood, O2 mlcs that combine with hemoglobin do not increase blood’s partial pressure of O2. Therefore O2 molecules with hemoglobin do not interfere with further O2 diffusion into blood.
Define convection
Transport by bulk flow
When does convection occur?
When gas mixture or aqueous solution flows and gas molecules in the gas or liquid are carried from place to place by the fluid flow
