Intro to Communication + Linguistics

Question 1

Communication Definition

Answer 1

The process of exchanging information.
eg.
ideas, thoughts, feelings, needs

Question 2

Encoding and Decoding Information

Answer 2

E- sending
D- comprehending

Question 3

Language Definition

Answer 3

A rule-governed code or system which uses symbols (words)

Question 4

Dialect Definition

Answer 4

Sub-category of a parent language
Uses similar but not identical rules

Question 5

Symbol-Referent

Answer 5

Symbol/Sign: spoken or written “arbitrary” word
Referent: the actual “thing” or action

Question 6

Onomatopoeia

Answer 6

“Literal Words”
Sound like the meaning.
Children often use these words first.

Question 7

Language Modalities

Answer 7

Forms of language
eg
Oral
Written
Sign/Gesture

Question 8

Written Language/Orthography

Answer 8

Orthography describes the symbols/alphabet letters/graphemes of written language.

Question 9

Modes of Language
Receptive/Expressive

Answer 9

Receptive= comprehension/understanding
Expressive= convey meaning/production

Question 10

Speech Definition

Answer 10

Verbal means of communication.

The result of planning and executing motor sequences and movements to create sounds.

Requires precise motor coordination.

Question 11

Speech: Voice Quality

Answer 11

Rough, husky, clear, shrill, nasal, resonant

Question 12

Speech: Intonation

Answer 12

high/low pitch, melody

Question 13

Speech: Rate

Answer 13

fast/slow

Question 14

Speech: Articulation

Answer 14

Production of speech sounds/phonemes

Question 15

Speech: Voice

Answer 15

Use of

vocal folds (phonation)
oral cavity (resonance)
breath support (respiration)

to produce sounds.

Question 16

Speech: Fluency

Answer 16

Rhythm of speech

Question 17

Speech Percentage in Communication

Answer 17

40% via speech/language

Question 18

Paralinguistic Communication

Answer 18

Assists language to communicate

Question 19

Nonlinguistic Communication

Answer 19

Uses no language to communicate

Question 20

Metalinguistic Communication

Answer 20

Discuss/analyse language

Question 21

Extralinguistic Communication Examples

Answer 21

Affect- facial expressions
Gestures- body part movements
Posture- body position
Proxemics- distance
Prosody- duration/intensity/frequency
Speech rate- fast, moderate, slow
Pauses- hesitation, emphasis

Question 22

Components of Language x5

Answer 22

Phonology- sounds of a language

Semantics- content/meaning

Syntax- grammar/word relationships in sentences

Morphology- units of meaning within words

Pragmatics- context of communication

Question 23

Functional Components of Language x3

Answer 23

Form- what does it sound like, how does it work?speech sounds, units of words, word sequences

Content- what does it mean?
vocabulary, concepts, multiple meanings

Use- how is it used?
communication choices change in different contexts

Question 24

Language Components: Form (x3)

Answer 24

Syntax
Morphology
Phonology

Question 25

Phonology

Answer 25

Rules governing the structure distribution sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables

Question 26

Phoneme

Answer 26

Speech Sounds The smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning.

Question 27

Phonetics

Answer 27

motor analysis of sound systems of a language

Question 28

Syntax

Answer 28

Rules for word sequencing, and how words in utterances are related. "Grammar"

Question 29

Syntax: Sentence Functions

Answer 29

Sentences are organised by function: statements/declaratives questions/interrogatives commands/imperatives exclamations/excalamatives

Question 30

Morphology

Answer 30

Internal structure of words

Question 31

Morpheme

Answer 31

Smallest meaningful unit in a word

Question 32

Free + Bound Morphemes

Answer 32

Free morphemes have independent meaning eg. dog, hungry Bound morphemes are grammatical markers that do not make sense on their own eg. -s (plural), -ed (past tense)

Question 33

Inflectional Morphemes

Answer 33

Change tense or indicate a noun number. Plural- duck/ducks Possessive- mummy/mummy's Present progressive- run/running Past tense markers- walk/walked

Question 34

Derivational Morphemes

Answer 34

Change word meaning with prefixes or suffixes.

Question 35

Language Component: Content

Answer 35

Semantics

Question 36

Semantics

Answer 36

Rules governing the meaning of words and word combinations. Involves the vocabulary of a language.

Question 37

Semantics/Word Representations

Answer 37

Words can represent: items, attributes, concepts, actions Words can represent multiple meanings dependant on context/situation

Question 38

Semantics: Conceptual Development

Answer 38

Child semantics is dictated by conceptual development: what a child knows and understands about ideas, entities, and actions. Size/Dimension- big, little, long, short, shape Direction/Position- over, under, near, behind Self/Social- happy, old, wrong, safe Quantity- lots, few, some, full, empty Time/Order- first, then, almost, morning

Question 39

Semantics: Semantic Features

Answer 39

Learning words involves identifying similarities to other words- linked to knowledge of concepts. Group- it's a type of... Properties- what does it have? Action- what does it do? Use- what is used for? Location- where is it found? Association- it reminds me of...

Question 40

Semantics: Word Similarities

Answer 40

Synonyms share many semantic features. Antonyms have a key different/opposite semantic feature. Semantics has restrictions on word combinations with similar, opposing or redundant meanings.

Question 41

Semantic Roles and Relationships

Answer 41

Roles Agent: initiator of action: mummy Action: event: throw Affected/Theme/Patient: influenced by action: ball Location: outside Semantic Relation: Agent + Event = Mummy throw Action + Affected = Throw ball

Question 42

Language Component: Use

Answer 42

Pragmatics

Question 43

Pragmatics

Answer 43

The rules of language use within a communication context.

Question 44

Pragmatics/Context Changes/Choices Examples

Answer 44

Context influences: Choice of words Amount of Speech Topics Turn-taking Eye Contact Prosody/intonation Silence