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Survey of Art > Intro to Computer Systems > Flashcards

Intro to Computer Systems Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Moore’s Law

A

The number of transistors incorporated into a CPU chip will double every 24 months

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2
Q

giga

A

billion

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3
Q

mega

A

million

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4
Q

According to Mrs. Anderson what is the most important invention in the 20th century

A

transistors

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5
Q

CPU

A

the brains of the computer system

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6
Q

Cache

A

Memory where instructions and information waiting for processing after they arrive in the CPU from RAM

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7
Q

RAM

A

stands for Random Access Memory
works with the CPU
is temporary or volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the CPU is turned off (computer turned off) or there is a disruption of some sort in the electrical current going to the CPU

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8
Q

System Board

A

also called the motherboard

controls communication for the entire computer system

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9
Q

the processing speed of microprocessors

A

the number of times the CPU can fetch and process data or instructions in a second

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10
Q

Cycles of the CPU include

A

retrieving, decoding and executing instructions and returning the results to RAM

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11
Q

Speed of the CPU is measured

A

in Hz (Hertz)- CPU cycles per second
megahertz (MHz)- the number of millions of CPU cycles per second
Gigahertz (GHz)- the number of billions of CPU cycles per second
So 1000 MHz = 1GHz
Terahertz (THz)- the number of trillions of CPU per second

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12
Q

ROM

A

Read-only Memory
ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user
contains special instructions for detailed computer operations

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13
Q

Flash Memory

A

can be updated to store new information like RAM

does not lose the information when power to the computer

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14
Q

Buslines (BUS)

A

Electrical pathwayw which connect the different compontents

a 64 bit bus can move twice as much info at the same time as a 32 bit bus

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15
Q

Ports

A

a socket for external devices to connect to the system unit

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16
Q

VGA

A

Video Graphics Adapter

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17
Q

DVI

A

Digital Video Interface

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18
Q

USB

A

connects keyboards, mice, printers,storage devices, etc.

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19
Q

Firewire

A

connects firewire devices

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20
Q

Ethernet

A

high speed networking port

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21
Q

Microphone & Headphone

22
Q

Storage Bays

Study These Flashcards
A

Hard drive, optical drives, Media card readers, solid state drives

23
Q

Qwerty

Study These Flashcards
A

invented to slow people down

24
Q

Input and output good things to know

Study These Flashcards
A

details, compare with different sellers, price matching

25
pointing devices
mouse, track ball, touch pads, pointing stick
26
multi-touch screens
I-pad, smart phones, tablets
27
OCR
Optical-character recognition | will actually reproduce it into a text file
28
output
presents processed data or info in a useable format
29
Monitor (display screen)
presents visual images of text and graphics
30
soft copy
monitor (display screen)
31
hard copy
paper or print
32
monitor refresh rate
how often a display image is updated or refreshed | about 60 times per second
33
dpi
dots per inch
34
printers
inkjet-spray ink | laser- laser light to produce images (more $ upfront but less over time)
35
Internet telephones
transmission over the internet | requires high speed internet and special software/hardware
36
Bit
the smallest data element in an electronic system
37
Primary storage
remember RAM is referred to as primary storage which is temporary or volatile
38
Secondary Storage
provides permanent or nonvolatile storage data retained after computer shut off accomplished by saving to and accessing slower access speeds than primary storage not directly accessed by CPU less expensive than primary storage
39
Hard discs
inside system unit when formatted tracks, sectors and cylinders are assigned magnetic charge on metal disk stores and retrieves large quantities of info quickly used to store programs and data files
40
Optical discs
uses reflected light flat areas represent 1s and pits represent 0s CD/DVD/Bluray
41
Solid state drives (SSDs)
``` found inside the PC contains solid state memory instead of magnetic disks to store data faster and more durable than hard disks more expensive nothing moveable ```
42
Database organization
1. character (byte) single letter, number, character, symbol 2. Field group of related characters. smallest piece of meaningful data 3. Record logical grouping of fields. Entity a distinct item in a database 4. Tables 5. Databases collection of records or data
43
software used to create databases
MS Access, MS SQL Server, Oracle 11g, IBM DB2, MySQL
44
Relational Database
relates or connects data in different tables through the use of a key field or common data element most likely the type of database to be working with
45
Key Field
each record in a database has at least one distinct field called the key field (also called the primary key) A field (column) within a table whose value uniquely identifies an entity, is unique for each record example: social security number, student ID tables are related or connected by other tables by a common key field enabling info stored in one table to be linked to info in another
46
Query
search/ asks questions of a database in its language
47
What are some of the Boolean operators
and, or, not, near
48
keyword search
uses keywords to help find specific info stored on a database
49
quick search
allows simultaneous searching of multiple e-resources-files and URLs
50
uncontrolled database
the internet

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