{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

intro to computers 001 Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

which computer did william oughtred invent and what technology did he use

A

WILLIAM OUGHTRED invented the SLIDE RULE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which computer did blaise pascal invent and what technology did he use

A

BLAISE PASCAL invented the PASCALINE, first numeral calculating machine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which computer did charles babbage invent and what technology did he use

A

CHARLES BABBAGE

  • designed the difference machine to calculate logs but never built it
  • ANALYTICAL MACHINE [first general purpose computer] used PUNCH CARDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which computer did alan turing and MHA newman invent and what technology did he use

A

ALAN TURING & MHA NEWMAN invented the COLOSSUS [world’s first programmable, digital, electronic, computing devices]. they used VACUUM TUBES to perform calculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the eniac

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator Computer which used VACUUM TUBES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is univac

A

UNIVAC uses MAGNETIC TAPE unit as a buffer memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is system/360

A

SYSTEM 360 was IBM’S first family computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the MITS

A

MITS is the ALTAIR COMPUTER, THE I/O consisted of SWITCHES and LIGHTS designed by ED ROBERTS and BILL YATES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

who founded microsoft

A

bill gates founded microsoft n paul allen adapt and sell basic to mits for the altair pc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a computer

A
  1. access input [keyboard, mouse]
  2. processes data [cpu]
  3. stores data [hdd, ssd, usb…]
  4. produces output [display, printer…]

it is done by a series of instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

primary storage, memory

A

temp. holds data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

secondary storage

A

data stored permanently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

file

A

collection of data stored within files

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

program software

A

series of instructions that tell processing tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

types of computers

A

pc, workstation, server [data–client], mainframe [thousands of users], videogame console, handheld

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

microcontroller

A

microcontroller is a special purpose microprocessor built into machine

17
Q

how does software work

A

compilers transform source code to machine code, which instructions a cpu can execute

18
Q

what is firmware

A

firmware is software stored on non-volatile/permanent storage [bios: basic input output system, uefi: unified extended firmware interface] it can be stored into rom, prom, eprom, or flash memory

19
Q

what is os

A

[mac os, dos, windows, linux, unix]

controls and monitors the execution of all programs, provides application program interface [api].

user interface allows to un programs, manage storage, customize environment

20
Q

what happens when you boot a computer

A
  1. computer verifies comp op, os is loaded from hdd to ram

boot program [rom] tells hard disk to load os which is from hdd, which gets loaded in the ram, where the os is available in the processor

21
Q

multitasking

A

a single core can only perform a single task, one thing at a time it’s an illusion; there is a queue. a multicore processor can perform many tasks at a time

22
Q

what is copyright

A

a copyright is a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original work exclusive right to copy, distribute,

23
Q

how are the ways to use a computer program

A

single user, multiple user, site

24
Q

what is EULA

A

EULA is [end-user license agreement] which is displayed on screen when you first install software. it tends to be difficult to read.

25
types of software licenses
- property of software licenses - shareware (free for limited time) - freeware (free for unlimited time, but copy and share can be limited) - open source: GPL (General public license) -> free to run, study, modify, share. BSD (Berkley software distribution)
26
data storage basics
- access time: time it takes to access the requested information - transfer rate: rate at which data is transferred from the device to the memory - sequential or random access
27
second generation data storage device
- magnetic storage device [magnetizing] - interfaces: sata: serial advanced technology attachment sas: serial attached scsi - has its own optimized cpu
28
third generation data storage
optical storage [microscopic light and dark spots]: cd, dvd, blu-ray. random access RO: read-only R: recordable RW: rewritable
29
fourth generation data storage
SSD [erasable, rewritable, higher transfer random access. interface: SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SAS: serial attached SCSI SSD MEMORY CARDS USB [universal serial bus] FLASH DRIVES
30
fifth generation data storage
the cloud over the internet
31
file system
os manages by providing a file system that is hierarchical - files are leaf or terminal nodes in the tree structure [only contain data] - folders [contain other folders and files]
32
file formats
fat32, exfat [extended fat], ntfs [new technology file system]