Intro to Construction Materials

Question 1

What are the 3 Family Materials?

Answer 1

• Ceramics and Glass
• Metals
• Polymers

Question 2

Give an example of a material in Ceramics and Glass

Answer 2

Concrete, Bricks, Stones, Glass

Question 3

Give an example of a material in Metals

Answer 3

Steel, Copper

Question 4

Give an example of a material in Polymers

Answer 4

Nylon, HDPE, Timber, Glass fibre, Carbon fibre

Question 5

Define Physical Property

Answer 5

Matter characteristic that can be measured and observed without affecting the chemical identity (density, colour, appearance)

Question 6

What is one physical property of a material?

Answer 6

Density, which is mass of a material within one volume unit

Question 7

What is another physical property of a material?

Answer 7

Mass, which is the amount of materials contained in an object related to type and number of atoms present in the object

Question 8

What is a Force?

Answer 8

An action that causes an object to move

Question 9

What is a load?

Answer 9

Same as force, but used to express affect of gravity on a specific mass

Question 10

What is the formula for Force?

Answer 10

F(N) = Mass (kg) x Gravity (m/s^2)

Question 11

What is Stress?

Answer 11

Distribution of force over an area

Question 12

What is the formula for Stress?

Answer 12

Stress (N/m^2) = Force(N) / Area (m^2)

Question 13

How many types of Stress’s are there?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

What is the first type of Stress? (Include definition)

Answer 14

Normal Stress - when two forces are opposite to eachother either pushing or pulling on the same plane

Question 15

What is the second type of Stress? (Include definition)

Answer 15

Torsion Stress - when two forces of similar strength are applied on either end of the object in the opposite direction

Question 16

What is the third type of Stress? (Include definition)

Answer 16

Shear Stress - when two forces are opposing eachother and are not on the same plane

Question 17

What is the fourth type of Stress? (Include definition)

Answer 17

Bending Stress - when a force acting in the middle of the beam supported from edges

Question 18

What is a Mechanical Property?

Answer 18

A physical property that a material exhibits upon the application of forces

Question 19

Name the first pair of Mechanical Properties

Answer 19

Strength and Stiffness

Question 20

Name the second pair of Mechanical Properties

Answer 20

Hardness and Toughness

Question 21

Name the third pair of Mechanical Properties

Answer 21

Creep and Fatigue

Question 22

Define Strength

Answer 22

Maximum stress a material can handle before failing

Question 23

Define Deformation

Answer 23

Change that happens in materials due to stress being applied

Question 24

What are the two types of Deformations?

Answer 24

Elastic and Plastic

Question 25

What is Elastic Deformation?

Answer 25

When material returns to original size and shape when load is removed

Question 26

What is Plastic Deformation?

Answer 26

When material permanently deforms when load is removed

Question 27

What is Strain?

Answer 27

Ratio of Deformation over Original Length

Question 28

What is Stiffness?

Answer 28

Ability of material to resist elastic deformation

Question 29

What are the two Material Failure Modes?

Answer 29

Brittle Failure and Ductile Failure

Question 30

What is Brittle Failure?

Answer 30

Sudden failure of material when arriving at yield point as this material has little to no plastic zone

Question 31

What is Ductile Failure?

Answer 31

Failure that happens in materials that undergo large plastic deformation before failure (Strain > 1%)

Question 32

What is Hardness?

Answer 32

Ability of material to resist plastic deformation. Hard materials are usually brittle

Question 33

What is Toughness?

Answer 33

Ability of material to absorb energy and deform plastically so they do not fracture under a sudden force. Tough materials are usually ductile

Question 34

What is Creep?

Answer 34

Deformation in materials caused by same loading overtime

Question 35

What is Fatigue?

Answer 35

Effect of a repeated load on materials