Intro to Criminology

Question 1

What is Criminology

Answer 1

The study of law making, law breaking, and the societal reaction of law breaking

Question 2

The perspective that defines crime as acts that violate the law

Answer 2

Legalistic

Question 3

What is Actus Reus

Answer 3

Guilty Acts

Question 4

What is Mens Rea

Answer 4

Guilty Mind

Question 5

What is Mala in se

Answer 5

Inherently evil acts

Question 6

Mala prohibita

Answer 6

Acts that are wrong but not evil

Question 7

Serious crimes that result in a year or more in prison

Answer 7

Felony

Question 8

Less serious crimes that result in a year or less in prison

Answer 8

Misdemeanor

Question 9

Type of behavior that violates social norms but may or may not be illegal

Answer 9

Deviance

Question 10

When a concept is developed and maintained by a social group as opposed to existing inherently

Answer 10

Social Construct

Question 11

Views the formal system of law, as well as the enforcement of those laws, as incorporating societal norms for which there is a broad normative consensus

Answer 11

Consensus Perspective

Question 12

Maintains that there is conflict between various societal groups with different interests

Answer 12

Conflict perspective

Question 13

Proposed Explanations of why people do or don’t commit crime

Answer 13

Criminological Theory

Question 14

How much a theory makes sense

Answer 14

Logical Consistency

Question 15

A theory’s ability to explain a wide variety of types of crime

Answer 15

Scope

Question 16

A theory’s ability to be explained with a small number of concepts

Answer 16

Parsimony

Question 17

A theory’s ability to be tested empirically and scientifically

Answer 17

Testability

Question 18

A theory that is verified by scientific research

Answer 18

Empirical validity

Question 19

An Independent and dependent variable possess an observed relationship with one another

Answer 19

Correlation or Covariation

Question 20

A logical reason why the independent variable would cause the dependent variable

Answer 20

Theoretical Explanation

Question 21

The independent precedes the dependent variable

Answer 21

Temporal Ordering

Question 22

The relationship between the independent and dependent variables is not a result of a third variable that was mistakenly omitted from the analysis

Answer 22

Nonspuriousness

Question 23

Crime that occurs but does not appear in data sources

Answer 23

Dark figure of crime

Question 24

Uniform Crime Report and NIBRS are examples of

Answer 24

Official Crime Data

Question 25

Rule limiting UCR reporting to only the most serious offence of an incident

Answer 25

Hierarchy rule

Question 26

When comparing the amount of crime in two or more places

Answer 26

Crime rate

Question 27

Valuable for estimating the dark figure of crime

Answer 27

National Crime Victimization Survey

Question 28

What does Karl Marx call the group that owns the means of production

Answer 28

Bourgeoisie

Question 29

What period of history, characterized by dramatic expansion in the exploitation of workers, was Marx responding to

Answer 29

Industrial Revolution

Question 30

Which economic system do conflict theorists argue contributes to the causes of criminal behavior

Answer 30

Capitalism

Question 31

MLK refers this as something that was legal but immoral

Answer 31

Segregation

Question 32

Hyperbolic and emotional reactions to perceived social threats are called

Answer 32

Moral Panic

Question 33

What are folk devils

Answer 33

the other perceived to be a threat during moral panic

Question 34

What was the concern during the Satanic Panic

Answer 34

Ritual devil worship, child abuse, and sacrifice

Question 35

An attribute to Moral Panic that is against an "other" group's behavior and about its assumed impact

Answer 35

Concern

Question 36

An attribute to Moral Panic that portrays the "other" as evil monsters

Answer 36

Hostility

Question 37

An attribute to Moral Panic states that among the powerful, the "other" is a threat

Answer 37

Consensus

Question 38

An attribute to Moral Panic stating that the threat from the "other" does not justify the concern

Answer 38

Disproportionality

Question 39

An attribute to Moral Panic that appears suddenly and dissipates quickly even if the threat is longstanding

Answer 39

Volatility

Question 40

Prior to enlightenment, crime and deviance were once equated to what

Answer 40

Sin

Question 41

What is the term for the time period when thought changed to emphasize rationality

Answer 41

Age of Enlightenment

Question 42

Occurs when individuals give up their freedom in order to be protected by the state

Answer 42

Social contract

Question 43

Beccaria argued that laws must be designed to

Answer 43

deter crime

Question 44

Occurs when someone who experiences punishment does not recidivate

Answer 44

Specific deterrence

Question 45

Beccaria says this characteristic of effectively deterrent laws is the most important

Answer 45

Certainty

Question 46

Crime will occur when the rewards outweigh the risks

Answer 46

rational choice theory

Question 47

When deterring crime, not just punishment matters but also punishment...

Answer 47

Avoidance

Question 48

Decisions made before a crime occurs

Answer 48

involvement and event

Question 49

Type of rationality that is involved in criminal decision-making because our choices are limited and influenced by various things

Answer 49

Bounded

Question 50

Goal is to benefit themselves

Answer 50

Rational