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Medical Microbiology > Intro To Epidemiology > Flashcards

Intro To Epidemiology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What is Microbiology definition

A

Study of microorganisms

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2
Q

What is the definition of microorganisms/ microbes

A

Microscopic organisms

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3
Q

Definition of a pathogen

A

Microorganisms that CAN cause disease

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4
Q

Are pathogens only found in humans

A

No, not necessarily

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5
Q

Definition of infectious disease

A

Caused by pathogenic microorganisms which can be spread, directly or indirectly from one person to another

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6
Q

Definition of medical Microbiology

A

The study of microorganisms that are of medical importance and susceptible of causing disease in human beings

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7
Q

What is an infectious disease

A

Caused by an infectious agent

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8
Q

Give an example of an infectious disease

A

Tetanus

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9
Q

What is the definition of a communicable disease

A

Transmission - directly or indirectly from an infected person eg. Food poisoning

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10
Q

Give an example of a communicable disease

A

Measles

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11
Q

Definition of a transmissable disease

A

Transmission- through an unnatural route - from an infected person
Eg. Prior disease through needles

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12
Q

Example of a transmissable disease

A

vCJD

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13
Q

What are the possible ways of DIRECT routes of transmission

A

Skin to skin
Mucous to mucous
Across placenta
Through breast milk
Sneeze - cough

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14
Q

Give a disease that’s transmitted through skin to skin

A

Herpes type 1

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15
Q

Give a disease transmitted by mucous to mucous

A

STIs

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16
Q

Give a disease that’s transmitted across the placenta (mother and born baby)

A

Toxoplasmosis

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17
Q

Give a disease transmitted through breast milk

A

HIV

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18
Q

Give a disease transmitted through sneeze/ cough

A

Influenza

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19
Q

List all the INDIRECT modes of transmission

A

Food borne
Water borne
Vector borne
Air borne

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20
Q

Name a food borne disease

A

Salmonella

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21
Q

Name a water borne disease

A

Hepatitis A

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22
Q

Name a vector borne disease

23
Q

Name an airborne disease

24
Q

Can DNA AND RNA viruses cross the placenta

25
Name action modes of direct contact disease transmission
Hand shaking Kissing Sex Bites
26
Name action modes of indirect contact disease transmission
Drinking glasses Toothbrushes Toys Punctures Droplets from sneezing and coughing (within one meter)
27
Name airborne methods vehicle disease transmission
Dust particles
28
Name waterborne methods vehicle disease transmission
Streams Swimming pools
29
Name foodborne methods vehicle disease transmission
Poultry Seafood Mec
30
Modes of transmission - how many types of vector transmission and what are they
1. Mechanical - on insect bodies, flies and roaches 2. Biological - lice, mites, mosquitos and ticks
31
How many types of vehicle transmission and what are they
1.airborne 2.waterborne 3.foodborne
32
How many types of contact transmission and what are they
1. Direct transmisson 2. Indirect transmission
33
Toxoplasmosis can be contracted from which animal and their what
Cats and their poo
34
What food can listeria be contracted from
Hummus
35
What are the 4 outcomes of exposure to an infectious agent
No infection Clinical Sub clinical Carrier
36
What are the 4 outcomes of being clinical after exposure to infectious agents
Death Carrier Immunity No immunity
37
What are the 3 outcomes of being sub clinical after exposure to infectious agents
Carrier Immunity No immunity
38
In the time line of infection what are the 3 stages after infection
Incubation period Symptomatic period Non diseased
39
With regards to transmission, what does index mean
The first case identified
40
With regards to transmission what does primary case mean
The case that brings the infection into a population
41
What is patient zero known as
Index
42
How do you calculate attack rate
Attack rate = ill ÷ exposed
43
What does an attack rate of 80% mean
Means that 80% of the people exposed show disease
44
What 3 things does the epidemiologic triad involve and what does it mean
Shows disease is the result of forces within a dynamic system consisting of: Agent environment Host And disease in the middle of triangle going to disease These are factors that impact disease transmission
45
In the epidemiologic triad, what are the factors influencing disease transmission as part of AGENT
Infectivity Pathogenicity Virulence Immunogenicity Antigen stability Survival
46
In the epidemiologic triad, what are the factors influencing disease transmission as part of HOST
Age Sex Phenotype Behaviour - how healthy/ well fed? Nutritional status Health status
47
In the epidemiologic triad, what are the factors influencing disease transmission as part of ENVIRONMENT
Weather - hospital setting, damp environment, poor housing... Housing Geography Occupational setting Air quality Food
48
Equation for infectivity- ability to infect
Number infected/ number susceptible x 100
49
Equation for pathogenicity- ability to cause didisease
Number with clinical diease/ number infected x 100
50
Equation for virulence- ability to cause death
Number of deaths/ number with disease x 100
51
What is virulence
Ability to cause deaths
52
What are infectivity, pathogenicity and virulence all dependent on
All are dependent on host factors
53
Summarise important concept of kochs postulates to identify the microbial cause of specific diseases
Microbe must be present in every case of the disease but not in healthy organisms Microbe must be isolated from a disease host and grown in pure culture Disease must be reproduced when a pure culture is introduced into a non disease susceptible host Microbe must be recoverable from an experimentally infected host
54
Compare endemic epidemic and pandemic
Endemic- transmission occur, but the number of cases remains constant within a certain area Epidemic: a rapid increase in the numbers of cases in a certain area Pandemic: when epidemics spread and occur at several continents- a global epidemic

Medical Microbiology (1 decks)

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