Intro to Exposure 2

Question 1

Atomic structure

Answer 1

K shell, L shell, M shell

Question 2

K shell

Answer 2

max of 2 electrons, 69 KV

Question 3

L shell

Answer 3

max of 8 electrons, 12 KV

Question 4

M shell

Answer 4

max of 18 electrons, 2 KV

Question 5

Binding energy

Answer 5

the force of attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electron

Question 6

Atomic #

Answer 6

of protons in the nucleus, Z#

Question 7

Mass number

Answer 7

of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, A#

Question 8

Ion pair

Answer 8

result of ionization, atom (+) and electron (-) that was knocked out

Question 9

3 main parts of the x-ray tube

Answer 9

glass insert, cathode, anode

Question 10

glass insert

Answer 10

made of pyrex glass, has a vacuum

Question 11

cathode

Answer 11

negative end, tungsten filament, focusing cup

Question 12

anode

Answer 12

positive end, tungsten target, 2 types (stationary and rotating)

Question 13

melting point of tungsten

Answer 13

3,370 - 3,410 C

Question 14

cathode

Answer 14

holds the filament and focusing cup

Question 15

focusing cup

Answer 15

holds electrons in a tight bunch (space charge / cloud)

Question 16

thermionic emission

Answer 16

the burning off of electrons with heat

Question 17

incandescent

Answer 17

white hot

Question 18

space charge (cloud)

Answer 18

electrons that sit tightly in the focusing cup

Question 19

mAs

Answer 19

tells the filament how hot to get

Question 20

filament

Answer 20

thing tungsten coil of wire

Question 21

tungsten

Answer 21

atomic #74

Question 22

2 types of anodes

Answer 22

stationary, rotating

Question 23

stationary

Answer 23

block of copper (dissipates heat), tungsten target

Question 24

rotating

Answer 24

molybdenum disc, tungsten target, rotates 3,300 - 3,600 rpm (dissipates heat), induction motor

Question 25

control panel

Answer 25

mA, time, mAs, kVg

Question 26

mA

Answer 26

milliamperes, amount of heat applied to filament and results in total number of electrons boiled off

Question 27

time

Answer 27

seconds, length of time the filament is hot

Question 28

mAs

Answer 28

combination of mA and time to give total number of photons produced, quantity / intensity of the beam

Question 29

kVp

Answer 29

kilovoltage, how fast the electrons cross the tube and how strong the photons are quality energy / more penetrating

Question 30

photons absorbed in part

Answer 30

shows white on the x-ray

Question 31

photons not absorbed in part

Answer 31

shows black on the x-ray

Question 32

law of conservation

Answer 32

amount of energy is constant, but can change forms

Question 33

2 types of x-ray production in the tube

Answer 33

Bremsstrahlung (Brems), characteristic radiation

Question 34

Brems

Answer 34

• big bend = strong photon
• non-ionizing
• the difference of starting and ending energy
• higher KEV = stronger photon
• closer to nucleus = stronger photon
• 69% or higher = 90% of the beam
• 69% or lower = 100%
• does not knock out any electrons
• smaller wavelength = higher KV
• wider wavelength = lower KV