Intro to Fractures Flashcards
Name fracture line B’s anatomical location.
femoral neck
Name fracture line C’s anatomical location.
Intertrochanteric
Name fracture line E’s anatomical location.
Femoral shaft or diaphysis
Name fracture line D’s anatomical location.
Subtrochanteric
How is indirect insult a cause of fracture and what are 2 examples?
Force transmitted through bone to distant point
2 examples: femoral neck, tibial tuberosity
What particular bones are known for fracturing due to repeated stress in greyhounds?
metacarpals;
metatarsals
What is the definition of reduction , as a method of fixation?
reestablishing normal alignment of fracture fragments
closed vs. open reduction…
Define fixation.
securing fracture fragments to withstand forces acting on fracture following reduction
What is a closed reduction?
- *reducing** a fracture
- without surgically exposing* the fractured bones
What are the indications for an Open Reduction?
articular fracture;
simple fractures that can be anatomically reconstructed;
comminuted nonreducible diaphyseal fractures of long bones
What are the indications for a Closed Reduction?
greenstick and/or nondisplaced fractures of long bones below the elbow and stifle;
comminuted nonreducible diaphyseal fractures of long bones treated with external fixators
What would the appropriate treatment be for incomplete or nondisplaced fractures of bones distal to the elbow and stifle?
closed reduction
stabilized with casts or external fixators
What would the appropriate management be for fractures that can be anatomically reconstructed or those that are displaced and involve joint surfaces?
Open Reduction
What is cerclage wire and what purpose does it serve?
Orthopedic wire placed around the circumference of the bone;
compressing an oblique fracture
What does hemicerclage wire/interfragmentary wire denote?
Wire that is placed thru pre-drilled holes in the bone
This occurs when the insertion point of a tendon or ligament is fractured and distracted from the rest of the bone.
Avulsion fracture
What type of plate spans a comminuted fracture?
Bridging plates
What is the most common use for Ehmer sling?
Support the closed or open reduction of hip luxations
What are Velpeau slings most commonly used for?
To help maintain closed or open reduction of medial shoulder luxations and to support scapular fractures
(w/shoulder & elbow flexed & the limb)
What element of the forces causing a fracture dictates the number of fragments and the damage to surrounding soft tissue?
velocity!
How are open fractures classified?
- The mechanism of puncture
- The severity of soft tissue damage
What type of fracture has a small puncture hole located in the skin in the proximity of the fracture that was caused by the bone penetrating to the outside?
Grade I Open
the bone may or may not be visible in the wound
What type of fracture has severe bone fragmentation associated with extensive soft tissue injury with or without skin loss?
Grade III Open
these are usu. hi-velocity comminuted fractures, such as gunshot/shearing type injuries of the distal extremities
What type of fracture has a variably sized skin wound associated w/the fracture that resulted from external trauma?
Grade II Open
although the extent of soft tissue damage may vary, the fracture is minimally comminuted
