Intro to Hematolymphoid Malignancies

Question 1

Hematologic malignancies arise in one of 2 places

Answer 1

Bone marrow
Lymph nodes (and extranodal tissue)

Question 2

Extranodal tissue

Answer 2

Groups of lymphocytes and plasma cells that are not in a lymph node

Question 3

4 classes of disease if it arises in the bone marrow and one if it is in the lymph node

Answer 3

BM: leukemia, MPD, MDS, plasma cell myeloma
LN: a lymphoid neoplasm

Question 4

Main diagnostic tests in hematologic malignancy

Answer 4

Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy

Lymph node biopsy

Question 5

2 cell lines and what cells come from each one

Answer 5

Lymphoid: B and T cells, NK cells
Myeloid: RBCs, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 6

Lymphoid neoplasms

Answer 6

Neoplasm arising in lymphoid tissue
Usually in a lymph node, but sometimes extranodal tissue or bone marrow
Most often patients present with enlarged nodes
Cannot be surgically cured (need chemo and radiation)

Question 7

What are
1. Lymphoma cells
2. Malignant marrow cells
doing?

Answer 7

1. Nothing - just sit in the lymph node being malignant

2. Crazy bs

Question 8

Acute vs chronic bone marrow malignancies

Answer 8

Acute: consists of all blasts
Chronic: cells are not all blasts (they’re maturing)

Question 9

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer 9

Malignant cells are lymphoid
Arise in the marrow
Trapped in the blast stage

Question 10

Acute myeloid leukemia

Answer 10

Malignant cells are myeloid
Arise in the marrow
Trapped in the blast stage

Question 11

What is acute leukemia

Answer 11

A hematologic malignancy arising in the bone marrow
Usually sends malignant marrow cells into the peripheral blood
All of the malignant cells are blasts (either lymphoid or myeloid)

Question 12

How to diagnose acute leukemia

Answer 12

CBC and blood film

Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy

Question 13

Mature lymphoid neoplasm

Answer 13

Malignant cells are mature lymphoid cells

Arise in the marrow

Question 14

Chronic lymphoid leukemia

Answer 14

Arises in the bone marrow and usually sends malignant marrow cells into the peripheral blood
All mature lymphoid cells
Can have very high lymphocyte counts in blood
May be cytopenic if the normal marrow activity is reduced
Diagnosed by CBC and PBS, flow cytometry
Requires chemo (and radiation)

Question 15

Plasma cell myeloma

Answer 15

Lymphoid neoplasm
Malignancy of plasma cells (differentiated B cell)
Arises in the bone marrow
Not easily found in the peripheral blood
Pancytopenia
Pathologic fractures and hypercalcemia
Renal failure
Diagnose with bone marrow aspirate/biopsy and test for clonal antibody in blood

Question 16

Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)

Answer 16

Malignant cells are maturing myeloid cells
Proliferating way too much
Arise in the bone marrow and send malignant cells to the peripheral blood
Cell counts are usually very high
Several subtypes

Question 17

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

Answer 17

Malignant cells are myeloid cells which are maturing abnormally
Arise in the bone marrow
Send malignant abnormal marrow cells into the peripheral blood
Cell look abnormal and dont function well
Can progress to AML
Type of marrow failure because a lot of the cells apoptose or die
Low blood cell counts