intro to human anatomy and physiology

Question 1

investigates the body’s structure and the relationship between the body part and its function

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

studied system by system, i.e.,

cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, etc.

Answer 2

systemic anatomy

Question 3

study of the external form of the body

and its relation to deeper structures

Answer 3

surface anatomy

Question 4

uses radiographs (x-rays), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures

Answer 4

anatomical imaging

Question 5

scientific investigation of the processes or functions

of living things

Answer 5

physiology

Question 6

study of a specific organism

Answer 6

human physiology

Question 7

examines processes in cells

Answer 7

cellular physiology

Question 8

deals with organ system function

Answer 8

systemic physiology

Question 9

this level of organization involves interactions between atoms that combine to form molecules, such as water, sugar, fats, and proteins

Answer 9

chemical level

Question 10

this level of organization refers to the molecules combining to form organelles, small structures that make up cells

Answer 10

cell level

Question 11

this level of organization is composed of a group of similar cells and this level is classified into four basic types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Answer 11

tissue level

Question 12

this level of organization is composed of two or more tissue types that perform one or more functions.

Answer 12

organ

Question 13

this level of organization refers to the group of organs that perform a common function and are viewed as a unit

Answer 13

organ system

Question 14

this level of organization refers to any living thing considered as a whole; it is a complex organ of organ systems, all mutually dependent on one another

Answer 14

organism

Question 15

refers to the interrelationships among the parts of
an organism and how those parts interact to
perform specific functions

Answer 15

organization

Question 16

the ability to use energy to perform vital function

Answer 16

metabolism

Question 17

an organism’s ability to sense changes in its
external or internal environment and how it adjusts
to those changes

Answer 17

responsiveness

Question 18

an increase in the number of cells, which produces

an overall enlargement of all or part of an organism

Answer 18

growth

Question 19

includes the changes an organism undergoes

through time from fertilization to death

Answer 19

development

Question 20

change in cell structure and
function from generalized to specialized

Answer 20

differentiation

Question 21

change in the shape of

tissues, organs, and the entire organism

Answer 21

morphogenesis

Question 22

formation of new cells or new organisms

Answer 22

reproduction

Question 23

regulates temperature

Answer 23

integumentary system

Question 24

removes foreign substances from the blood and

lymph

Answer 24

lymphatic system

Question 25

provides protection and support

Answer 25

skeletal system

Question 26

performs chemical and mechanical digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste

Answer 26

digestive system

Question 27

produces body movements

Answer 27

muscular system

Question 28

major regulatory system that detects sensations and | controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions

Answer 28

nervous system

Question 29

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air and regulates blood pH

Answer 29

respiratory system

Question 30

major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions

Answer 30

endocrine system

Question 31

transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body

Answer 31

cardiovascular system

Question 32

removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance

Answer 32

urinary system

Question 33

site of fertilization and fetal development

Answer 33

female reproductive system

Question 34

produces and transfers sperm cells to female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behavior

Answer 34

male reproductive system

Question 35

refers to the existence and maintenance of a | relatively constant environment within the body

Answer 35

homeostasis

Question 36

it means "to decrease. it does not prevent variation but maintains variation within a normal range

Answer 36

negative feedback

Question 37

initial stimulus further stimulates the response

Answer 37

positive feedback

Question 38

monitors the value of a variable, such as body | temperatures by detecting stimuli

Answer 38

receptor

Question 39

determines the set point for the variable and receives the input from the receptor

Answer 39

control center

Question 40

can change the value of the variable when directed by the control center

Answer 40

effector

Question 41

a changed variable

Answer 41

stimulus

Question 42

refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward

Answer 42

anatomical position

Question 43

lying face upward

Answer 43

supine

Question 44

lying face downward

Answer 44

prone

Question 45

runs vertically through the body, separating it into right and left portions

Answer 45

sagittal plane

Question 46

sagittal plane that passes through the | midline of the body

Answer 46

median plane

Question 47

runs parallel to the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

Answer 47

transverse plane

Question 48

runs vertically from right to left and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Answer 48

frontal plane

Question 49

a cut through the long axis of the organ

Answer 49

longitudinal section

Question 50

a cut at right angles to the long axis

Answer 50

transverse section

Question 51

a cut made across the long axis at | other than a right angle

Answer 51

oblique section

Question 52

surrounded by the rib cage while the muscular | diaphragm separates it from the abdominal cavity

Answer 52

thoracic cavity

Question 53

median partition of the right and left | thoracic cavity

Answer 53

mediastinum

Question 54

enclosed by the abdominal muscles

Answer 54

abdominal cavity

Question 55

encased by the pelvic bones

Answer 55

pelvic cavity

Question 56

refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities that are | not physically separated

Answer 56

abdominopelvic cavity

Question 57

covers the organ

Answer 57

visceral serous membrane

Question 58

represents an outer wall

Answer 58

parietal serous membrane

Question 59

space between the visceral and parietal that is | normally filled with a thin, lubricating film of serous fluid produced by the membranes

Answer 59

cavity

Question 60

surrounds the heart

Answer 60

pericardial cavity

Question 61

line the inner surface of the thoracic wall, the outer surface of the parietal pericardium, and superior surface of the diaphragm

Answer 61

pleural cavity

Question 62

a serous membrane-lined cavity of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 62

peritoneal cavity

Question 63

anchor the organs to the body wall and provides a pathway for nerves and blood vessels to reach the organs

Answer 63

mesenteries

Question 64

organs that are more closely attached to the body | wall and do not have mesenteries

Answer 64

retroperitoneal

Question 65

inflammation of the pericardium

Answer 65

pericarditis

Question 66

inflammation of the pleura

Answer 66

pleurisy

Question 67

inflammation of the peritoneum

Answer 67

peritonitis

Question 68

inflammation of the appendix that is | usually caused by bacterial infection

Answer 68

appendicitis