Intro to Human Biology & Homeostasis - 1a Flashcards
(45 cards)
Anatomy is….
The study of structure and the relationships between those structures.
Physiology is…
is the study of how those structures function.
What are the 6 levels of organisation?
Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Systems, Organismal
What is chemical level?
Atoms are the smallest units of matter that participate in the chemical reactions. When two or more atoms join together via chemical bonds they form molecules.
What is Cellular level?
Numerous atoms and molecules combine to form the cells of our body. There are many kinds of cells in our body. The structure of a cell depends upon its function in our body.
What is tissue level?
Groups of specialised cells and the surrounding substances unite as tissues to perform specific functions in the body.
What are the four basic tissue types:
Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscular tissue, Nervous tissue
What is Epithelial tissue?
Acts as lining, covering/protective and forms glands e.g. skin or salivary glands
What is Connective tissue?
Functions to support and nourish the body e.g. blood, bone tissue.
What is Muscular tissue?
Creates movement of structures e.g. hamstrings or heart muscle.
What is Nervous tissue?
Sends electrical signals to communicate and regulate parts of the body e.g. brain tissue.
What is organ level?
Organs are composed of two or more different types of tissues that come together for a common purpose. Organs have specific functions and usually have recognisable distinctive shapes.
What is System level?
Related organs with a common function form a system. We have eleven systems in our body but organs may belong to more than one system. e.g. the pancreas belongs to the digestive and endocrine (hormone) system.
What are the 11 Systems?
Integumentary (skin), Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine (hormone), Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory (breathing), Urinary, Digestive, Reproductive
What is the Organism level?
All body systems are well integrated and function together harmoniously for optimal function as a whole organism.
Here is a photo of the different levels of organisation:
What are the six biological and cellular processes that separate living organisms from non-living things?
Responsiveness, Metabolism, Reproduction, Differentiation, Growth, Movement
What is Homeostasis?
The condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment produced due to the constant interaction of the body’s regulatory processes. This is possible through a constantly active feedback system.
What are the steps in the Homeostasis feedback loop?
Stimulus, Controlled condition, Receptors, Control center, Effectors, Response
What is Stimulus in the Homeostasis feedback loop?
A stimulus is any internal or external disruption that changes a controlled condition within the body.
What is Controlled condition in the Homeostasis feedback loop?
Our body tries to maintain variable parameters within controlled limits through continuous monitoring. Each monitored variable such as blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, blood sugar is referred to as a controlled condition.
What are receptors in the Homeostasis feedback loop?
Receptors are body structures that monitor and detect any changes in the controlled condition and send the input to a control centre.
What is the Control center in the homeostasis feedback loop?
A control centre (e.g. the brain) sets the acceptable range (limits) of the controlled conditions, evaluates the input received from the receptors and generates output commands via nerve impulses, hormones or chemical molecules as required.
What are Effectors in the homeostasis feedback loop?
The body structures that respond to messages from the control centre are effectors. They produce an effect (a response) that will counteract the disruption in the controlled condition.
