Intro to Hydrotherapy

Question 1

What is hydrotherapy?

Answer 1

the use of water in any of its three forms as a temperature medium to achieve therapeutic effects

Question 2

What are the three forms of water?

Answer 2

solid, liquid, gas

Question 3

What is Thermotherapy?

Answer 3

hydrotherapy using heat

Question 4

What is Cryotherapy?

Answer 4

hydrotherapy using cold

Question 5

What are the properties of water?

Answer 5

specific heat, thermal conductivity, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, resistance, chemical properties, electrical properties, portability, latent heat

Question 6

How much more heat does water store than paraffin wax?

Answer 6

2 times

Question 7

How much more heat does water store than air?

Answer 7

4 times

Question 8

Solids have about _____ times more conductivity than liquids

Answer 8

100

Question 9

Liquids have about _____ times more conductivity than gas

Answer 9

100

Question 10

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 10

the force a fluid exerts on a body, increases with water depth

Question 11

How much water exerts the same amount of pressure as the pressure in the veins?

Answer 11

15cm of water

Question 12

What is buoyancy?

Answer 12

the ability to float, the force pressing up on a body in liquid is equal to the amount of liquid displaced

Question 13

Buoyancy depends of _______ versus lean muscle mass of body composition

Answer 13

adipose fat

Question 14

How much more resistant is water than air?

Answer 14

12-34 times the resistance of air

Question 15

What is the most important chemical property of water?

Answer 15

an effective solvent, able to dissolve and hold within it many substances

Question 16

True or false: Water is a very poor conductor of electricity

Answer 16

False: water is a very GOOD conductor of electricity

Question 17

What is latent heat?

Answer 17

energy is required when water converts from one state to another

Question 18

How much energy does it cost to convert ice into water?

Answer 18

80 Kcal

Question 19

How much energy does it cost to convert water into steam?

Answer 19

540 Kcal

Question 20

What part(s) of the body does hydrotherapy primarily effect?

Answer 20

circulatory, skin, and nervous system

Question 21

What is the largest organ in the body?

Answer 21

Skin

Question 22

How much of the total body weight does the skin make up?

Answer 22

approximately 16%

Question 23

What are the functions of skin?

Answer 23

protection, thermoregulation, excretion, absorption, vitamin D synthesis and sensation

Question 24

How does the skin protect?

Answer 24

barrier to foreign substances, melanin protects from UV rays, keratin toughens skin, lipids waterproof skin, calluses protect from friction

Question 25

How much of the body’s blood flow does the dermis contain at rest?

Answer 25

8-10%

Question 26

True or false: the skin contains 10x less blood than needed for its own maintenance

Answer 26

False: skin contains 10x MORE blood than needed for its own maintenance

Question 27

How much can blood volume in the skin increase or decrease by?

Answer 27

as much as 20x in emergencies

Question 28

How do the blood vessels in the skin contribute to thermoregulation?

Answer 28

blood vessels dilate in response to heat bringing more blood to the surface to allow heat transfer out of the body

Question 29

How do the blood vessels in the skin react to cold?

Answer 29

blood vessels constrict in response to cold to reduce blood volume to the surface

Question 30

How does the skin assist in excretion?

Answer 30

has a small role in excretion of salt, CO2, ammonia and urea as well as drugs and heavy metals

Question 31

Other than the skin what are the other organs of elimination?

Answer 31

kidneys, intestines, liver, lungs, spleen

Question 32

What does the skin absorb?

Answer 32

some items such as fat soluble materials (vit A, D, E K), industrial chemicals, some minerals, medications, herbal preparations, essential oils

Question 33

True or false: the skin has few receptors for senstation

Answer 33

False: skin has more receptors for sensation than any other body tissue

Question 34

What type of receptors does the skin contain?

Answer 34

thermal and mechanical (light tough, change in pressure, fast/slow vibrations, deep pressure)

Question 35

What is the core temperature?

Answer 35

37 degrees

Question 36

What is the shell temperature?

Answer 36

1-6 degrees cooler than core temperature

Question 37

Heat production is equal to what?

Answer 37

the rate of metabolic functions

Question 38

What is conduction?

Answer 38

heat transfer via direct contact

Question 39

What is convection?

Answer 39

heat transfer by moving air or liquid

Question 40

What is radiation?

Answer 40

heat transfer in the form of infrared radiation

Question 41

How is evaporation related to heat transfer?

Answer 41

changing water into water vapour

Question 42

What is conversion?

Answer 42

heat transfer with no external heat source, heat comes from the energy coursing through

Question 43

What is the “thermostat” for the body?

Answer 43

hypothalamus

Question 44

How does the body try to conserve heat?

Answer 44

vasoconstriction, hormone release, shivering, goosebumps

Question 45

How does the body promote heat loss?

Answer 45

passive conduction (3%), expiration (20%), skin (75-85%), decrease metabolic rate, vasodialation, perspiration

Question 46

What is the effect of vasoconstriction?

Answer 46

reduces heat loss via blood at the bodys surface

Question 47

What is the effect of shivering?

Answer 47

generates heat due to the movement

Question 48

What is the effect of goose bumps?

Answer 48

hair creates an insulating layer which conserves heat at the surface of the skin

Question 49

What are the effects of vasodialation?

Answer 49

increases heat loss via blood at the bodys surface

Question 50

What is the effect of perspiring?

Answer 50

evaporating perspiration cools the bodys surface

Question 51

What are the effects of an increase in breathing rate?

Answer 51

heat escapes via the warm breath

Question 52

What is a reaction?

Answer 52

body’s healthy response to stress

Question 53

What are the factors influencing reaction strength?

Answer 53

application temperature, skin temp, size of treatment area, tissue density, application duration, clients condition and constitution, addition of herbal additive

Question 54

What are the types of reactions?

Answer 54

positive (intended reaction) and negative (unexpected or unwanted reaction)

Question 55

What is a strengthening reaction?

Answer 55

increasing tissue activity ie. increase blood flow

Question 56

What is a suppressive reaction?

Answer 56

slows or reduces tissue activity ie. cold to reduce pain

Question 57

When are negative reactions more likely to occur?

Answer 57

hot/contrast, tx too long, too many applications, tx too short or incomplete, person is already chilled, too intense

Question 58

What are the signs and symptoms of a negative reactions?

Answer 58

disoriented/faint, shivering, asthma (cold), headache, increased or decreased blood pressure, nausea, hyperventialting

Question 59

What are the 4 main types of negative reactions?

Answer 59

arterial, venous, paradox or combination