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Intro to Ideologies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 factors that influence values and beliefs?

A

Family, gender, religion, environment, relationship to land, media and government

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2
Q

Who was Tommy Douglas?

A

Canada’s most influential person; he broke his arm and could afford medical care, it inspired him to advocate for free health care and workers insurance

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3
Q

What are the four characteristics of ideology?

A

The nature of humans, structure of society, interpretations of history and visions for the future

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4
Q

What are the 6 themes of ideology?

A

Nation, class, race, environment, gender and religion

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5
Q

Who was Milton Friedman?

A

An American economist who advocated for a free marked and wanted limited government intervention in economics

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6
Q

Who was Ovide Mecredi?

A

A respected First Nations chief and Constitutional law lawyer who advocated Aboriginal rights, and had respect from lawmakers

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7
Q

What is survival based collectivism?

A

Collectivism based on survival, common with Indigenous communities and focused on the needs of food, water, shelter and safety

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8
Q

Where did the individuality movement stand in medieval times?

A

Society was split into lords, knights and peasants. The group was important but there was a leader of substantial means.

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9
Q

Where did the individuality movement stand during the renaissance?

A

Individuality began to be appreciated, people specialized in trades, but the church continued to run a ‘pay your way to heaven’ system

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10
Q

Where did the individuality movement stand during the protestant reformation

A

Individuals realized they could shape their spiritual destiny (heaven / hell), the church lost power and there was an increase in literacy and self-focused thinking

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11
Q

What are the 6 principles of individualism?

A

Rule of law, economic freedom, self interest, private property, competition and individual rights and freedoms

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12
Q

What are the 6 principles of collectivism?

A

Economic equality, public property, adherence to collective norms, collective responsibility, cooperation and collective interest

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13
Q

What are individual rights and freedoms? (principle of individualism)

A

Conventionally the right to life, liberty and security. They are part of liberal democracies.

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14
Q

What is self interest / competition? (principle of individualism)

A

A supply and demand worker system where smarter people achieve more economic and political success

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15
Q

What is economic freedom? (principle of individualism)

A

No taxes on barriers and trade, and the freedom to buy and sell as you wish

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16
Q

What is rule of law? (principle of individualism)

A

The idea that everyone is subject to the law equally

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17
Q

What is private property? (principle of individualism)

A

Real estate, land and intellectual property that can be traded and owned as in ones self interest

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18
Q

What is economic equality? (principle of collectivism)

A

No private property, similar wages for work of similar value, guaranteed annual income and increased taxes for the rich

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19
Q

What is adherence to collective norms? (principle of collectivism)

A

Imposed norms as a condition of membership. The norms are not binding, but voluntary and expected

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20
Q

What is public property? (principle of collectivism)

A

Property owned by the government or community. It is supposedly motivational to workers, as they have personal interest in the success of the enterprise

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21
Q

What is collective responsibility? (principle of collectivism)

A

The group is held accountable for individual action; it targets issues that could be avoided by blaming the individual

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22
Q

What is collective interest? (principle of collectivism)

A

When individuals disregard personal interests and focus on the desires of the group. These interests are the foundation of social change and activism.

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23
Q

What is cooperation? (principle of collectivism)

A

Working together for collective interests, i.e. daycares and health care centres

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24
Q

What five ideologies lie on the current modern spectrum?

A

(Left to right): communism, socialism, liberalism (classical and modern), conservatism and facism

25
What is communism?
A radical ideology classified by seeking quick, massive ideological change. It is often violent.
26
What is socialism?
An ideology classified by thought out change through a slower process than communism.
27
What is conservatism?
An ideology that seeks to maintain the status quo and remain the same
28
What is facism?
A reactionary ideology that seeks to 'return to the glory of the past'. It is often violent and so individualistic that only some are considered worthy of individualism
29
What did Charles Dickens believe?
That workers are undervalued by the upper class and should be compensated fairly
30
What did John Locke believe?
That people should give up some of their natural rights to the government for self security and order. He also believed that the government should be accountable, and that policies should be citizen-focused
31
What did Montesquieu believe?
He believed in individual worth, equality, government accountability and the separation of powers. He wrote satirical papers that angered the church, and believed in citizen involvement in democracy
32
What did Mill believe?
That man should be able to do anything that doesn't infringe on the rights and freedoms of others. He advocated for equality and free speech as a condition for social progress
33
Who was Smith?
A Scottish political economist who disagreed with the mercantilist system and believed working in self interest in the free market would benefit the collective. He believed government should only exist to maintain rule of law, enforce contracts and provide some public works, like roads.
34
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
An English philosopher who believed people are violent and selfish and could only be controlled by a supreme leader
35
Who was Ricardo
An English economist who believed fluctuations in labour prices were detrimental to labourers and their families, so they should be left to the competition of the market with no government interference
36
What does Laissez Faire mean?
Leave (people) alone to do (as they wish)
37
What were Laissez Faire economics?
A free market system that emerged following the industrial revolution in which arose out of the idea that freedom of decision and competition better society. It led to extremes of wealth and poverty in Britain at the time
38
What factors enabled Laissez Faire economics?
New ideas by philosophers, a government open to innovation and investment, cheap labour and substantial capital
39
What are the principles of classical liberalism?
PRICES; Private property, Rule of law, Individual rights and freedoms, Competition, Economic freedom and Self interest
40
What is some history of classical liberalism?
The Protestant reformation had many questioning the church, people began to believe more in human rationality and Europeans began to come in contact with other non-Christian societies
41
What were some influences of classical liberalism during the renaissance? (14th-16th century)
There was awareness of individualism, growth of secularism and increasing levels of humanism
42
What were some influences of classical liberalism during the enlightenment period? (18th century)
It was the age of reason, there was growing understanding of individual worth, people began to understand natural rights, and there was an increasing spotlight on democracy and authority with the people
43
What were some influences of classical liberalism during the industrial revolution?
People began to see the power of the market, there was growth in individual success and social and technological progress
44
What happened during the French revolution?
Lous XVI was clinging to the autocracy, but the government was in debt, so the estates general met for the first time in over 100 years to discuss government issues. This sparked a revolution, as the third estate began to revolt and it degenerated into a reign of terror. Eventually, in 1789 the national assembly approved the declaration of rights of man and the citizen
45
What happened during the American revolution?
On 1776, American colonists declared independence from the crown and established a Republican government
46
What happened economically during the industrial revolution?
Agriculture was mechanized, and people began to 'let their money work for them'. The government had a limited role in economy, and the nouveau riche emerged, while the working class was forced out of jobs and into urban areas with poor living conditions
47
What were the ideas of the industrial revolution?
Economic freedom, individual rights and freedoms, private property, self interest and competition
48
What were the nouveau riche?
The 'newly rich' were a new class of bankers, lawyers, retailers, etc. who emerged during the industrial revolution while pushing the working class into poor conditions. They enjoyed flaunting their wealth and challenging the power of the aristocracy
49
What is the economic attitude of communism?
Public ownership of means of production and restriction of private property leads to greater equality of income
50
What is the economic attitude of socialism?
Greater equality of income develops through public ownership of selected industry. Expand opportunities to the working class
51
What is the economic attitude of liberalism?
Introduce some policies to eliminate some inequalities without changing the basic nature of the economy
52
What is the economic attitude of conservatism?
Generally favour private ownership and support private efforts by volunteer organizations to reduce inequality of incomes
53
What is the economic attitude of facism?
Believe in private property, a state directed economy as well as income inequality being a part of the natural order
54
Communist perspective: what should the nature of political authority be?
Believe in the necessity of revolution to make fundamental social change
55
Socialist perspective: what should the nature of political authority be?
Believe in broadening power to all social groups and using controls to narrow social differences
56
Liberal perspective: what should the nature of political authority be?
Argue for a government to intervene in society and to resolve social and political inequalities
57
Conservative perspective: what should the nature of political authority be?
Desire to maintain authority and traditions. Controls over individuals are necessary to preserve existing social order
58
Facist perspective: what should the nature of political authority be?
Believe in strong leaders, tradition and authoritarian rule are necessary to preserve social order. They oppose the need for radical social change and the expansion of human rights advocated by socialists and communists. Social change is generally made in the direction of greater authoritarianism

Social 30 (12 decks)

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